Skip to main content

Multiinfarct and Microinfarct Dementia

  • Conference paper
Cerebral Ischemia and Dementia
  • 112 Accesses

Abstract

Man’s thinking has always been channelled by the work and thoughts of his predecessors. Attempts to break away are difficult, and the path rocky. Roy and Sherrington, in 1890, first formulated a rational hypothesis about regulation of blood flow to the brain: “The chemical products of cerebral metabolism contained in the lymph which bathes the walls of the arterioles of the brain can cause variations of calibre of the cerebral vessels. In this reaction the brain possesses an intrinsic mechanism by which its vascular supply can be varied locally in correspondence with local variations of functional activity”[42].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alvarez WC (1946) Cerebral arteriosclerosis with small commonly unrecognized apoplexies. Geriatrics 1:159–166

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alzheimer A (1899) Beitrag zur Pathologischen Anatomie der Seelenstörungen des Griesenalters. Neurol Zentralbl 18:95–96

    Google Scholar 

  3. Astrup J (1982) Energy-requiring cell functions in the ischemic brain. Their critical supply and possible inhibition in protective therapy. J Neurosurg 56:482–497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Astrup J, Siesjo BK, Symon L (1981) Thresholds in cerebral ischemia — the ischemic penumbra. Stroke 12:723–725

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Binswanger O (1894) Die Abgrenzung des allgemeinen progressiven Paralysie. Bed Klin Wochenschr 31:1103–1105, 1137–1139, 1180–1186

    Google Scholar 

  6. Blennow K, Wallin A, Fredman P, Karlsson I, Gottfries CG, Svennerholm L (1990) Blood-brain barrier disturbance in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is related to vascular factors. Acta Neurol Scand 81:323–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Branston NM, Symon L, Crockard HA et al. (1974) Relationship between the cortical evoked potential and local cortical blood flow following acute middle cerebral artery occlusion in the baboon. Exp Neurol 45:195–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brun A, Englund E (1986) A white matter disorder in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a pathoanatomical study. Ann Neurol 19:253–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Castaigne P, Lhermitte F, Buge A, Escourelle R, Hauw JJ, Lyon-Caen O (1981) Paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarction: clinical and neuropathological study. Ann Neurol 10: 127–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chimowitz MI, Awad IA, Furlan AJ (1989) Periventricular lesions on MRI — facts and theories. Stroke 20:963–967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Delpha P, Meyer E, Zatorre R et al. (1989) Metabolic and neuropsychological correlates of periventricular lucencies. J Cerebr Blood Flow Metab 9 (Suppl 1):5569

    Google Scholar 

  12. del Ser T, Bermejo F, Portera A, Arrendondo JM, Bouras C, Constantinidis J (1990) Vascular dementia. A clinicopathological study. J Neurol Sci 96:1–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. De Reuck JL (1971) The human periventricular arterial blood supply and the anatomy of cerebral infarctions. Eur Neurol 5:321–334

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Dunne JW, Leedman PJ, Edis RH (1986) Inobvious stroke: a cause of delirium and dementia. Aust NZ J Med 16:771–778

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Fields WS (1973) Cerebral arteriosclerosis: a “non-cause” of dementia. In: Meyer JS, Lechner H, Reivich M et al. (eds) Cerebrovascular disease. Sixth International Conference. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  16. George AE, DeLeon MJ, Gentes CI et al. (1986) Leukoencephalopathy in normal and pathologic aging. Am J Neuroradiol 7:561–566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gray F, Dubas F, Roullet E, Escourolle R (1985) Leukoencephalopathy in diffuse hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Ann Neurol 18:54–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Guberman A, Stuss D (1983) The syndrome of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction. Neurology 33:540–546

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hachinski VC, Lassen NA, Marshall J (1974) Multi-infarct dementia. A cause of mental deterioration in the elderly. Lancet 207–210

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hachinski VC, Potter P, Merskey H (1987) Leuko-araiosis. Arch Neurol 44:21–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Heiss W-D (1983) Flow thresholds of functional and morphological damage of brain tissue. Stroke 14:329–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Heiss W-D, Rosner G (1983) Duration versus severity of ischemia as critical factors of cortical cell damage. In: Reivich M, Hurtig HI (eds) Cerebrovascular Diseases. Thirteenth Research (Princeton) Conference. Raven, New York, pp 225–233

    Google Scholar 

  23. Heiss W-D, Hayakawa T, Waltz AG (1976) Cortical neuronal function during ischemia. Arch Neurol 33:813–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hendrie HC, Farlow MR, Austrom MG, Edwards MK, Williams MA (1989) Foci of increased T2 signal intensity on brain MR scans of healthy elderly subjects. AJNR 10:703–707

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ishii N, Nishihara Y, Imamura T (1986) Why do frontal lobe symptoms predominate in vascular dementia with lacunes? Neurology 36:340–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jones TH, Morawetz RB, Crowell RM, Marcoux FW, Fitzgibbon SJ, De Girolami U, Ojemann RG (1982) Thresholds of focal cerebral ischemia in awake monkeys. J Neurosurg 54:773–782

    Google Scholar 

  27. Katz DI, Alexander MP, Mandell AM (1987) Dementia following strokes in the mesencephalon and diencephalon. Arch Neurol 44:1127–1133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kinkel WR, Jacobs L, Polachini I, Bates V, Heffner RR (1985) Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger’s disease): computed tomographic, nuclear magnetic resonance and clinical correlations. Arch Neurol 42:951–959

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kirkpatrick JB, Hayman LA (1987) White matter lesions in MRI of clinically healthy brains of elderly subjects: possible pathologic basis. Radiology 162:509–511

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kraepelin E (1883) Compendium der Psychiatric Barth, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  31. Leonardi A, Gandolfo C, Caponnetto C, Arata L, Vecchia R (1985) The integrity of the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer’s type and multi-infarct dementia evaluated by the study of albumin and IgG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol Sci 67:253–261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lou HC, Edvinsson L, MacKenzie ET (1987) The concept of coupling blood flow to brain function: revision required? Ann Neurol 22:289–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Marcoux FW, Morawetz RB, Crowell RM, DeGirolami U, Halsey JH (1982) Differential regional vulnerability in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 13:339–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Marshall VG, Bradley WG, Marshall CE, Bhoopat T, Rhodes RH (1988) Deep white matter infarctions: correlation of MR imaging and histopathologic findings. Radiology 167:517–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Morawetz RB, De Girolami U, Ojemann RG, Marcoux FW, Crowell RM (1978) Cerebral blood flow determinated by hydrogen clearance during middle cerebral artery occlusion in unanesthetized monkeys. Stroke 9:143–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Meissner I, Shapir S, Kokmen E, Stein S (1987) The paramedian diencephalic syndrome: a dynamic phenomenon. Stroke 18:380–385

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Naheedy MH, Gupta SR, Young JC et al. (1985) Periventricular white matter changes and subcortical dementia. Clinical, neuropsychological, radiological, and pathological correlation. AJNR 6:468

    Google Scholar 

  38. Raine CS (1976) Neurocellular anatomy. In: Albers RW, Siegel GJ, Katzman R, Agranoff BW (eds) Basic neurochemistry, 2nd edn. Little, Brown, Boston, pp 5–33

    Google Scholar 

  39. Rao SM, Mittenberg W, Bernardin L, Haughton V, Leo GJ (1989) Neuropsychological test findings in subjects with leuko-araiosis. Arch Neurol 46:40–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rezek DL, Morris JC, Fulling KH, Gado MH (1986) Periventricular white matter lucencies in SDAT and healthy aging. Neurology 36 (Suppl 1):263–264

    Google Scholar 

  41. Roth M (1971) Classification and aetiology in mental disorders of old age: some recent developments. In: Recent developments in psychogeriatrics, pp 1–18 (Br J Psychiatry Spec Publ no 6)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Roy CW, Sherrington CS (1890) On the regulation of the blood supply of the brain. J Physiol (Lond) 11:85–108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Scheibel AB, Duong T, Tomiyasu U (1987) Denervation microangiopathy in senile dementia, Alzheimer type. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1:19–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Steingart A, Hachinski VC, Lau C et al. (1987) Cognitive and neurologic findings in subjects with diffuse white matter lucencies on CT scan. Arch Neurol 44:32–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sulkava R, Erkinjuntti T (1987) Vascular dementia due to cardiac arrhythmias and systemic hypotension. Acta Neurol Scand 76:123–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Tomlinson BE, Henderson G (1976) Some quantitative cerebral findings in normal and demented old people. In: Terry RD, Gershon S (eds) Neurobiology of aging. Raven, New York, pp 183–204

    Google Scholar 

  47. Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, Roth M (1970) Observations on the brains of demented old people. J Neurol Sci 11:205–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Victor M, Angevine JB, Mancall EL, Fisher CM (1961) Memory loss with lesions of hippocampal formation. Report of a case with some remarks on the anatomical basis of memory. Arch Neurol 5:244–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wallin A, Alafuzoff I, Carlsson A, Eckernas S-A, Gottfries CG, Karlsson I, Svennerholm L, Winblad B (1989) Neurotransmitter deficits in a non-multiinfarct category of vascular dementia. Acta Neurol Scand 79:397–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Wallin A, Blennow K (in press) The pathogenetic basis of multi-infarct dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wallin A, Blennow K, Fredman P, Gottfries CG, Karlsson I, Svennerholm L (1990) Blood brain barrier function in vascular dementia. Acta Neurol Scand 81:318–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Wallin A, Gottfries CG, Karlsson I, Svennerholm L (1989) Decreased myelin lipids in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Acta Neurol Scand 80:319–323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wertham F, Wertham F (1934) The brain as an organ. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  54. Xie Y, Mies G, Hossmann K-A (1989) Ischemic threshold of brain protein synthesis after unilateral carotid artery occlusion in gerbils. Stroke 20:620–626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Hastak, S.M., Hachinski, V.C. (1991). Multiinfarct and Microinfarct Dementia. In: Hartmann, A., Kuschinsky, W., Hoyer, S. (eds) Cerebral Ischemia and Dementia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76208-6_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76208-6_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-76210-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-76208-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics