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Die kindliche Katarakt – Visusprognose und Nachstarinzidenz nach kapselsackfixierter IOL-Implantation

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Zusammenfassung

Bei der Versorgung der kindlichen Katarakt hat die Implantation von Hinterkammerlinsen über einen Limbuszugang zunehmend Bedeutung erlangt. Zur Einschätzung von Visusprognose und Komplikationen des Eingriffs wurden 33 Kinder (mittleres Alter [± SEML] 6,9 ± 2,9 Jahre, 3–12 Jahre; 43 Augen: 15 traumatische, 19 frühkindliche, 9 kongenitale [von den letzten 2 Gruppen 19 bilaterale und 9 unilaterale Katarakte] 6–45 Monate nach primärer kapselsackfixierter IOL-Implantation untersucht.

Der mittlere bestkorrigierte postoperative Visus aller Augen betrug 0,5 ± 0,05 (traumatische K.: 0,6 ± 0,07, frühkindliche K.: 0,5 ± 0,07, kongenitale K.: 0,1 ± 0,07). 17 von 43 Augen (40 %) erreichten einen Visus von 0,5 und höher. Es bestand eine positive Korrelation zwischen Morphologie (ant. und post. Rindentrübung bzw. subkapsuläre Trübung) und Visus (0,7 ± 0,07 bzw. 0,5 ± 0,05; p < 0,01). Bilaterale Katarakte zeigten ein besseres Visusergebnis als unilaterale Katarakte (0,7 ± 0,07 vs. 0,2 ± 0,05; p < 0,005). Bis auf 4 Augen lag die Refraktion im gewünschten Bereich. Wurde eine primäre posteriore Kapsulotomie mit anteriorer Vitrektomie durchgeführt, litten nur 3 von 16 Augen (19%) an einem Nachstar (traumatische K.: 13%, frühkindliche K.: 5%, kongenitale K.: 0%). Dagegen kam es ohne primäre posteriore Kapsulotomie und anteriore Vitrektomie bei 19 von 27 Augen (70%, p < 0,002) zu einem Nachstar (traumatische K.: 67%, frühkindliche K.: 42%, kongenitale K.: 11%).

Die Visusprognose nach primärer kapselsackfixierter IOL-Implantation bei Kindern ab 3 Jahren ist sehr gut. Ohne primäre Kapsulotomie und anteriore Vitrektomie ist mit der Entwicklung eines Nachstars zu rechnen, wobei die Inzidenz des Nachstars bei traumatischen Katarakten am höchsten und bei kongenitalen Katarakten am niedrigsten war.

Summary

The implantation of capsular bag-fixated IOLs with a limbal approach has become an important method in the treatment of pediatric cataracts. To evaluate visual acuity and complication rates after primary IOL implantation in pediatric cataracts, 33 children [mean age (± SEM) 7 ± 3 years, range 3–12 years; 43 eyes: 15 traumatic, 19 developmental, and 9 congenital (of the latter two groups 19 bilateral and 9 unilateral) cataracts] were examined 6–45 months after surgery. All eyes had a best corrected postoperative visual acuity of 0.5 ± 0.05; 17 of 43 eyes (40%) showed a best corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or more. The postoperative visual acuity of traumatic cataracts was 0.6 ± 0.07, of the developmental group 0.5 ± 0.07, and of the congenital group 0.2 ± 0.07. There was a positive correlation between morphology (lamellar vs subcapsular opacification) and visual acuity (0.7 ± 0.07 vs 0.5 ± 0.05; p < 0.01). Bilateral cataracts had better postoperative visual acuity than unilateral cataracts (0.7 ± 0.07 vs 0.2 ± 0.05; p < 0.005). Postoperative refraction was in the range of ± 3 dptr of the goal refraction in all except four eyes. Three of 16 eyes (19 %) suffered from posterior capsular opacification (traumatic cataracts 13 %, developmental cataracts 5 %, congenital cataracts 0%), when primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy (ppc and av) had been performed. In contrast 19 out of 27 eyes (70 %, p<0.002) in which no ppc and av had been performed showed posterior capsular opacification (traumatic cataracts 67%, developmental cataracts 42%, congenital cataracts 11%). There was no correlation between the age at operation and the incidence of posterior capsular opacification (p=n.s.). The prognosis of visual acuity after capsular-bag-fixated IOL implantation in children older than 3 years is very good. Without ppc and av, a posterior capsular opacification is very likely to occur. The incidence of posterior capsular opacification was highest in traumatic cataracts and lowest in congenital cataracts.

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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Stahl, E., Zubcov, A.A., Schnaudigel, O.E., Fries, U., Ohrloff, C., Stärk, N. (1998). Die kindliche Katarakt – Visusprognose und Nachstarinzidenz nach kapselsackfixierter IOL-Implantation. In: Ohrloff, C., Kohnen, T., Duncker, G. (eds) 11. Kongreß der Deutschsprachigen Gesellschaft für Intraokularlinsen-Implantation und refraktive Chirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71952-3_42

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71952-3_42

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71953-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71952-3

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