Abstract
The possibilities of different actions of xenobiotics on the immunological system are described (different cells with immunocompetence in distinct stages of development, indirect action, pharmacokinetics and especially biotransformation). Results concerning the toxic action and biotransformation are given for DOTC. The atrophy of the thymus produced by DOTC was greater in the rat than in the mouse after intravenous, intramuscular and especially after oral administration. In vitro, the spontaneous movement of lymphocytes and macrophages in rats and mice was inhibited by similar concentrations of DOTC. In mice pretreated with SKF 525 A or CCl4 the atrophy of thymus was enhanced. Detection of DOTC in the thymus of rats and mice by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry showed a concentration of DOTC in the micromol range per Kilogram wet weight of the organ over a period of some days after administration of DOTC in doses producing atrophy of thymus. The possibilities of a direct or an indirect action of DOTC on the thymocytes were discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Conning, D. M., Firth, J.: Toxicity of propylene in tissue culture. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 7, 461–472 (1969)
Grasso, P., Gaydon, J., Hendy, R. J.: The safety testing of medical plastics. II. An assessment of lysosomal changes as an index toxicity in cell cultures. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 11, 255–263 (1973)
Gurtoo, H. L., Marinello, A. J., Freedman, H. J., Paigen, B., Minowada, J.: Cytochrom P-450 in a cultured human lymphocyte line. Biochem. Pharmacol. 27, 2659–2666 (1978)
Hennighausen, G., Lange, P.: A simple technique of testing for the influence of metal salts and other chemical on macrophages and thymocytes in vitro. Arch. Toxicol., Suppl. (this volume)
Hennighausen, G., Lange, P.: Toxic effects of di-n-octyltindichloride on the thymus in mice. Arch. Toxicol., Suppl. 2, 315–320 (1979)
Hennighausen, G., Lange, P., Mercord, J.: The relationship between the length of the alkyl chain of dialkyltin compounds and their effects on thymus and bile ducts in mice. Arch. Toxicol., Suppl. (this volume)
Hudson, R. J., Saben, H. S., Emslie, D.: Physiological and environmental influences on immunity. Vet. Bull. 44, 119–128 (1974)
Kimmel, E. C., Fish, R. H., Casida, J. E.: Bioorgantin chemistry. Metabolism of organotin compounds in microsomal monoxygenase system and in mammals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 25, 1–9 (1977)
Klimmer, O. R.: Die Anwendung von Organozinn-Verbindungen in experimentell-toxikologischer Sicht. Arzneimittel-Forsch. 19, 934–939 (1969)
Niwa, A., Kumski, K., Nebert, D.W.: Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in various cell cultures by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Molec. Pharmacol. 11, 399–408 (1975)
Pelling, D., Sharatt, M., Hardy, J. I.: Safety testing of medical plastics. An assessment of methods. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 11, 69–83 (1973)
Ross, A.: Industrial applications of organotin compounds. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 125, 107–123 (1965)
Seidler, H., Härtig, M., Woggon, H.: Das Verhalten von 14C-markiertem Di-n-octylzinndithiogly-kolsäure-2-äthylhexylester und Di-n-octylzinnchlorid sowie 35S-markiertem Thioglykol-säure-2-äthylhexylester im Rattenorganismus. Z. Ges. Hyg. 17, 603–608 (1971)
Seinen, W., Willems, M. J.: Toxicity of organotin compounds. I. Atrophy of thymus and thymus-dependent lymphoid tissue in rats fed di-n-octyltindichloride. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 35, 63–73 (1976)
Seinen, W., Vos, J. G., Van Spanje, J., Snoek, M., Brands, R., Hooykaas, H.: Toxicity of organotin compounds. II. Comparative in vivo and in vitro studies with various organotin and organolead compounds in different animal species with special emphasis on lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42, 197–212 (1977)
Seinen, W., Vos, J. G., Van Krieken, R., Penninks, A., Brands, R., Hooykaas, H.: Toxicity of organotin compounds. III. Suppression of thymus-dependent immunity in rats by di-n-butyl-tindichloride and di-n-octylzinndichloride. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42, 213–224 (1977)
Sorkin, E., Pierpaoli, W., Fabria, N. and Bianchi, E.: Relation of growth hormone to thymus and the immune response. In: Growth and Growth Hormone. Pecile, A., Müller, E. E. (eds.), p. 132. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1972
Vos, J. G.: Immune suppression as related to toxicology. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 5, 67–93 (1977)
White, A.: Thymus hormones: a new field of endocrinology and its significance for host immunological competence. In: The biological activity of thymic hormones, van Bekkum, D.W. (ed.), p 17. Rotterdam: Kooyker Scientific 1975
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lange, P., Hennighausen, G., Karnstedt, U. (1980). Pharmacokinetics and Immunotoxicity. In: Chambers, P.L., Klinger, W. (eds) Further Studies in the Assessment of Toxic Actions. Archives of Toxicology, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67729-8_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67729-8_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-10191-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67729-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive