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Ecosystem Variability and Gradients. Examples from the Baltic Sea as a Background for Hazard Assessment

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Book cover Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Environmental Management ((SSEM))

Summary

In aquatic hazard assessment used for extrapolations over entire ecosystems or water bodies, the environmental gradients which greatly modify the fate and effects of chemical substances in aquatic communities (marine, estuarine, brackish-water, as well as limnic) must be known. The Baltic Sea, in spite of being a geographically very limited water basin, is characterized by a great variety of hydrographical and biological gradients. Thus this enclosed, brackish-water sea is used as an overall example of the problems that arise when interpreting ecotoxicological data, from the “eco” point of view, in a variable environment. The aim is to elucidate problems in identifying species and subsystems at risk, as well as differences along the natural gradients, in patterns of response to exposure at population and ecosystem level. Consequently, toxicity gradients are formed from the south to the north, and, in a permanently stratified body of water, vertical differences in relative toxicity (toxiclines) of e. g., heavy metals can be determined. Possible test strategies, and in particular their field validation, are discussed in relation to the environmental gradients described, and to different concepts of community stress and recovery.

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Authors
  1. Erkki Leppäkoski
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  2. Erik Bonsdorff
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  1. Swedish Environmental Research Group, Götgatan 35, 116 21, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lars Landner

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Leppäkoski, E., Bonsdorff, E. (1989). Ecosystem Variability and Gradients. Examples from the Baltic Sea as a Background for Hazard Assessment. In: Landner, L. (eds) Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61334-0_2

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