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The Macrophage as Therapeutic Target pp 269–294Cite as

Targeting the Chemokine System

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 158))

Abstract

The chemokine superfamily consists of small, basic, heparin-binding proteins that play a pivotal role in basal trafficking as well as in activation and recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation to sites of inflammation. The chemokines are a subset of the cytokine family and are distinguished from other cytokines in that they activate seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled receptors. They are a large family, with approximately 50 members identified to date, and for which 19 receptors have been described. The chemokine family is divided structurally into four subfamilies CXC, CC, CX3C and C, based on the position of the amino terminal cysteine residues. The majority of chemokines fall into the CXC or CC groups (also referred to as α and β subclasses respectively), and hence have been the most extensively studied. The known chemo-kine/receptor pairs are depicted in Fig. 1, which also indicates a second division based on the recent advances in chemokine biology—chemokines are either expressed constitutively and control basal trafficking or homing, or are inducible, and are involved in inflammation. Chemokines were generally named according to the function that was identified such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) or neutrophil activating peptide (NAP) but since many chemokines were concomitantly identified in more than one laboratory, a single sequence was attributed more than one name. Therefore a systematic nomenclature was recently adopted (Zlotnik and Yoshie 2000) and both common and systematic names are shown in Fig. 1.

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  1. Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 14 Chemin des Aulx, Plan les Ouates, 1228, Geneva, Switzerland

    Z. Johnson, A. Frauenschuh & A. E. I. Proudfoot

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  1. Z. Johnson
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  2. A. Frauenschuh
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  3. A. E. I. Proudfoot
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  1. Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, UK

    Siamon Gordon

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Johnson, Z., Frauenschuh, A., Proudfoot, A.E.I. (2003). Targeting the Chemokine System. In: Gordon, S. (eds) The Macrophage as Therapeutic Target. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 158. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55742-2_15

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