Abstract
It often seems assumed that under normal conditions the amount of transmitter, released at neuro-effector junctions per impulse, is largely constant at a given physiological rate of discharge, being composed of a certain number of transmitter “quanta” (cf. Eccles, 1964). Under experimental conditions, however, the amount of acetylcholine in a quantum can be modified (Eccles, 1964). Furthermore, a deficency of acetylcholine in the presynaptically formed quanta is discussed at myastenia gravis (Elmqvist, 1965). However, variations in the transmitter content in tissues (after blockade of synthesis) or in the overflow of the transmitter into a tissue perfusate during e.g. sympathetic nerve activity, are mostly ascribed to either a changed rate of impulse flow, or to variations in the inactivation of the amount of noradrenaline (NA) released per nerve impulse.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andén, N.-E., Carlsson, A., Häggendal, J.: Adrenergic mechanisms. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 9, 119–134 (1969).
Boullin, J., Costa, E., Brodie, B. B.: Evidence that blockade of adrenergic receptors causes overflow of noradrenaline in cat’s colon after nerve stimulation. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 157, 125–134 (1967).
Brown, G. L.: Release of sympathetic transmitter by nerve stimulation. Adrenergic mechanisms, p. 116–124. Vane, Wolstenholme, O’connor, Eds. London: J. & A. Churchill Ltd. 1960.
Carlsson, A.: Drugs which block the storage of 5-hydroxytryptamine and related amines. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, XIX, 529–592. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1965.
Carlsson, A. Folkow, B., Häggendal, J.: Some factors influencing the release of noradrenaline into the blood following sympathetic stimulation. Life Sci. 3, 1335–1341 (1964).
Carlsson, A. Hillarp, N.-A., Waldeck, B.: Analysis of the Mg++-ATP dependent storage mechanism in the amine granules of the adrenal medulla. Acta physiol. scand. 59, Suppl. 215 (1963).
Dahlström, A.: Adrenergic neurons. Vth Internat. Symp. on Neurosecr. in Kiel. Aug. 1969. Z. Zellforsch. (in press).
Eccles, J. C.: The physiology of synapses. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1964.
Elmqvlst, D.: Neuromuscular transmission with special references to myasthenia gravis. Acta physiol. scand. 64, Suppl. 249 (1965).
Von Euler, U. S., Stjärne, L., Lishajko, F.: Effects of reserpine, segontin and phenoxybenzamine on the Catecholaminess and ATP of isolated nerve and adreno medullary storage granules. Life Sci. 3, 35–40 (1964).
Folkow, B., Häggendal, J.: Some aspects on the quantal release of the adrenergic transmitter—this volume-1970.
Folkow, B., Häggendal, J.: Lisander, B.: Extent of release and elimination of noradrenaline at peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals. Acta physiol. cand. Suppl. 307 (1967).
Geffen, L. B.: The effect of desmethylimipramine upon the overflow of sympathetic transmitter from the cat’s spleen. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 181, 69–70 P (1965):
Häggendal, J.: On release of transmitter from adrenergic nerve terminals at nerve activity. Acta physiol. scand. Suppl. 330, 29 (1969).
Hedqvist, P.: (1) Modulating effect of prostaglandin E2 on noradrenaline release from the isolated oat spleen. Acta physiol. stand. 75, 511–512 (1969).
Hedqvist, P: (2) Antagonism between prostaglandin E2 and phenoxybenzamine on noradrenaline release from the cat spleen. Acta physiol. scand. 76, 383–384 (1969).
Iversen, L. L.: The uptake and storage of noradrenaline in sympathetic nerves. Cambridge: Univ. Press 1967.
Malmfors, T.: Studies on adrenergic nerves. Acta physiol. scand. 64, Suppl. 248 (1965).
Rosell, S., Koprn, I. J., Axelrod, J.: Fate of 3H-norepinephrine in skeletal muscle before and following sympathetic stimulation. Amer. J. Physiol. 205, 317–321 (1963).
Salziaann, R., Pacha, W., Taeschler, M., Weidmann, H.: The effect of ergotamine on humoral and neuronal action in the nictitating membrane and the spleen of the cat. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmak. exp. Path. 261, 360–378 (1968).
Stjärne, L., Hedqvist, P., Bygdeman, S:: Neurotransmitter quantum released from sympathetic nerves in cat’s skeletal muscle. Life Sci. 8, 189–196 (1969).
Thoenen, H., Hürlimann, A., Haefely, W.: Wirkung von Phenoxybenzamin, Phentolamin und Azapetin auf adrenergische Synapsen der Katzenmilz. Rely. physiol. pharmacol. Acta 22, 148–161 (1964).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1970 Springer-Verlag
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Häggendal, J. (1970). Some Further Aspects on the Release of the Adrenergic Transmitter. In: Schümann, HJ., Kroneberg, G. (eds) New Aspects of Storage and Release Mechanisms of Catecholamines. Bayer Symposium, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49747-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49747-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-49465-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-49747-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive