Abstract
Photosynthesis is a fundamental process on the Earth’s surface that can convert the sunlight energy to chemical energy that can be used by essentially all forms all life (Komissarov 2003; Krauß 2003). The outstanding English chemist Joseph Priestley in 1771 and 1772 firstly hypothesised on photosynthesis that plants can restore to the air whatever breathing animals and burning candles remove. Jan Ingenhousz in 1779 showed that light is essential to the plant process that somehow purifies air fouled by candles or animals. Based on the experiments, he concluded that plants are dependent on light and their green parts for nutrients and energy.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Li Xiao-Dong of Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China for his assistance during the manuscript preparation. This work was financially supported by the Institute of Geochemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. This work was partly supported by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Kyoto University, Japan; University of Turin, Italy; Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, United States and National Science Foundation of the United States award 0854416; Xiamen University, China; Hiroshima University, Japan; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. We also acknowledge the Copyright (1990) by the Association for the Sciences of Limnol Oceanogr, Inc.; PNAS Copyrighted (2010) by the National Academy of Sciences of USA; reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nature] (Jordan P, Fromme P, Witt HT, Klukas O, Saenger W, Krauß N, Three dimensional structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I at 25 Å – resolution, 411, 909–917), copyright (2001); reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nature] (Umena Y, Kawakami K, Shen J-R, Kamiya N, Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9Å, 473, 55–61, Copyright (2011); Copyright (2008) by Pleiades Publishing, Ltd with Original Russian Text (2008) by AV Lobanov, NA Rubtsova, YuA Vedeneeva, GG Komissarov published in Doklady Akademii Nauk; and Yoshioka T, Phytoplanktonic carbon isotope fractionation: equations accounting for CO2-concentrating mechanisms, J Plankton Res, 1997, 19 (10), 1455–1476, by permission of Oxford University Press.
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“If H 2 O would decompose by the reaction with CO 2 in photosynthesis, then all H 2 O would convert into O 2 by organisms and plants after the origin of life on earth to date and no H 2 O would remain in the biosphere.
Instead of H 2 O, photoinduced generation of H 2 O 2 from dissolved O 2 in water bound in photosynthetic cells is reacted with CO 2 in photosynthesis that can limit the photosynthesis under light condition.
Then further conversion of H 2 O 2 to O 2 either through photosynthesis\( x{\text{CO}}_{{2{{({\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}})}} }} + y{\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}}_{{2{{({\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}})}} }} \mathop{\longrightarrow}\limits^{{{\text{h}}\nu }}{\text{C}}_{{x}} ({\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}})_{y} + {\text{O}}_{2} + {\text{E}}( \pm ) \)or both photolytically (2H 2 O 2 + hυ → O 2 + unknown oxidant) and biologically (2H 2 O 2 + catalases/peroxidases → O 2 + 2H 2 O) may balance the environment.”
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Mostofa, K.M.G. et al. (2013). Photosynthesis in Nature: A New Look. In: Mostofa, K., Yoshioka, T., Mottaleb, A., Vione, D. (eds) Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_7
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