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Physics of Wind Parks

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Wind Energy Meteorology

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

This Chapter presents wake effects behind turbines and introduces an analytical wind park model that is based on a momentum balance. The model predicts the reduction of wind speed at hub height within the wind park and the length of the park wake as function of atmospheric stability and surface roughness. Finally, tornado risks for offshore wind parks are assessed shortly.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The thrust coefficient is the ratio of resistance force T to the dynamic force 0.5ρu² 0 D (rotor area D). The resistance force of an ideal turbine is given by T = 0.5ρu ² 0 A[4r(1−r)] with r = (u o −u* h )/u 0. u* h is the mean of u h and u 0. We have u* h = u 0 (1−r). Thus, C T = [4r(1−r)]. For u h = 0 it follows u* h = 0.5u0, r = 0.5 and C T = 1. For u h = u 0 follows u* h = u 0, r = 0 and C T = 0. The yield is P = Tu* h 0.5= ρu 30 A[4r(1−r)2] and the yield coefficient is C P = [4r(1−r)2]. For optimal yield at the Betz‘'s limit is r = 1/3 (calculated from ∂C P (r)/∂r = 0) and C T = 8/9 (Manwell et al. 2009)

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  1. Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

    Stefan Emeis

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  1. Stefan Emeis
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Correspondence to Stefan Emeis .

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Emeis, S. (2013). Physics of Wind Parks. In: Wind Energy Meteorology. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30523-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30523-8_6

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30522-1

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