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Mikrobiologie von Böden pp 403–416Cite as

Mikrobiologie und Ökophysiologie des Methan-Kreislaufs

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Zusammenfassung

Methan ist ein Spurengas in der Atmosphäre (1,8 ppmv), dessen Konzentration aufgrund von anthropogenen Aktivitäten jährlich mit etwa 0,5–1% zunimmt. Es wird zusammen mit CO2, N2O (Lachgas), O3 (Ozon) und Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffen (CFC) zu den potenziellen Treibhausgasen gerechnet. Methan ist mit etwa 15% am Treibhauspotenzial beteiligt und als Treibhausgas potenziell 20- bis 30-mal effektiver als CO2. Die globale CH4-Zunahme in der Atmosphäre wird von einem Ungleichgewicht zwischen CH4-Freisetzung und -Oxidation verursacht. Im globalen Methankreislauf bilden sowohl photochemische Vorgänge in der Tropo- und Stratosphäre (Methanoxidation durch OH-Radikale) als auch mikrobiologische Prozesse (Methanoxidation) in den terrestrischen Ökosystemen die wesentlichen CH 4 -Senken. Hingegen können weltweit die natürlichen Feuchtgebiete (Moore, Sümpfe, etc.), Nassreisböden (wetland rice soils), Verbrennung von Biomasse und fossiler Energie sowie die Pansen von Wiederkäuern als Hauptquellen der Methanbildung gelten (Tabelle 15.1). Überall wo CH4 durch methanogene Archaea gebildet wird, sind auch die methanotrophen (methanoxidierenden) Bakterien nicht weit.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus Liebig-Universität, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland

    Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow

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  1. Professor em. Dr. sc. agr. habil. Johannes C. G. Ottow
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Ottow, J. (2011). Mikrobiologie und Ökophysiologie des Methan-Kreislaufs. In: Mikrobiologie von Böden. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00824-5_15

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