Abstract
A challenge for virtual reality (VR) applications is to increase the realism of an observer’s visual experience. For this purpose the variation of the blur that an observer experiences in his/her vision, while he/she focuses on a particular location, can be mimicked by blurring the VR computer graphics based on a model of the blur. The blur in human vision is the result of a combination of optical and neural vision processes; namely optical refraction, non-uniform retinal sampling, and cortical magnification. Due to the complexity of the phenomenon, apparently no theoretical model of the blur has been published. In this work we model the combined effect by means of a probabilistic model of the human visual system. The results from the models match common vision experience verifying the validity of the underlying theoretical considerations. The implementation of the model for increased realism in virtual reality is illustrated by means of a rendering of a virtual reality scene, which is processed for two different acts of focusing.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hettinger, L.J., Haas, M.W.: Virtual and Adaptive Environments: Applications, Implications, and Human Performance Issues. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah (2003)
Ong, S.K., Nee, A.Y.C.: Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing. Springer, London (2004)
Polanyi, M.: Personal Knowledge. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London (1978)
Pirenne, M.H.: Optics, Painting, and Photography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1970)
Yang, T.L., Dixon, M.W., Proffitt, D.R.: Seeing big things: Overestimation of heights is greater for real objects than for objects in pictures. Perception 28, 445–467 (1999)
Loomis, J.M., Knapp, J.M.: Visual perception of egocentric distance in real and virtual environments. In: Hettinger, L.J., Haas, M.W. (eds.) Virtual and Adaptive Environments, pp. 21–46 (2003)
Plumert, J.M., Kearney, J.K., Cremer, J.F., Recker, K.: Distance perception in real and virtual environments. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 2, 216–233 (2005)
Knapp, J.M., Loomis, J.M.: Limited field of view of head-mounted displays is not the cause of distance underestimation in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 13, 572–577 (2004)
Creem-Regehr, S.H., Willemsen, P., Gooch, A.A., Thompson, W.B.: The influence of restricted viewing conditions on egocentric distance perception: Implications for real and virtual environments. Perception 34, 191–204 (2005)
Thompson, W.B., Willemsen, P., Gooch, A.A., Creem-Regher, S.H., Loomis, J.M., Beall, A.C.: Does the quality of the computer graphics matter when judging distance in visually immersive environments? Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 13, 560–571 (2004)
Pentland, A.P.: A new sense of depth. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 9, 523–531 (1987)
Hirsch, J., Curcio, C.A.: The spatial resolution capacity of human foveal retina. Vision Research 29, 1095–1101 (1989)
Cowey, A., Rolls, E.T.: Human cortical magnification factor and its relation to visual acuity. Experimental Brain Research 21, 447–454 (1974)
Sereno, M.I., Dale, A.M., Reppas, J.B., Kwong, K.K., Belliveau, J.W., Brady, T.J., Rosen, B.R., Tootell, R.B.: Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging Science. 268, 889–893 (1995)
Wertheim, T.: Ueber die indirekte Sehschaerfe. Sinnesorg 7, 172–189 (1894)
Van Hemmen, L., Cowan, J., Domany, E.: Models of Neural Networks IV: Early Vision and Attention. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)
Adelson, E.H., Bergen, J.R.: The Plenoptic function and the elements of early vision. In: Landy, M., Movshon, J.A. (eds.) Computational Models of Visual Processing, pp. 3–20. MIT Press, Cambridge (1991)
Ciftcioglu, Ö., Bittermann, M.S., Sariyildiz, I.S.: Visual perception theory underlying perceptual navigation. In: Emerging Technologies, Robotics and Control Systems International Society for Advanced Research, pp. 139–153 (2007)
Meyer, P.L.: Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1970)
Ciftcioglu, O., Bittermann, M.S., Sariyildiz, I.S.: Multiresolutional fusion of perceptions applied to robot navigation. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics (JACIII) 11, 688–700 (2007)
Bittermann, M.S., Sariyildiz, I.S., Ciftcioglu, Ö.: Visual perception in design and robotics. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 14, 73–91 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bittermann, M.S., Sariyildiz, I.S., Ciftcioglu, Ö. (2007). Blur in Human Vision and Increased Visual Realism in Virtual Environments. In: Bebis, G., et al. Advances in Visual Computing. ISVC 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4841. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76858-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76858-6_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-76857-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-76858-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)