Zusammenfassung
»Surprisingly little is known about the way people use space …«, heißt es noch bei Sommer 1959, 247. In wenigen Jahren ist die Anzahl der Untersuchungen über die Beziehungen zwischen Mensch und Raum, über das räumliche Verhalten des Menschen lawinenhaft angewachsen. Das räumliche Verhalten zwischen Menschen, wie überhaupt das gesamte nonverbale Verhalten, wurde als ein zeichenhaftes Verhalten erkannt, das permanent kommunikative Interaktionsprozesse beeinflußt. Stokoe (1972) spricht beim räumlichen Verhalten von dem »Konstrukt ›zwischenmenschlicher Distanz‹«. Der besondere, namentlich diagnostisch bedeutsame Charakter räumlichen Verhaltens besteht nach Auffassung vieler Autoren (wie Hall 1966) darin, daß die zeichenhafte Bedeutung dieses Verhaltens dem Handelnden selbst in der Regel nicht bewußt ist. Dennoch — es gab immerhin schon Autoren wie Efron (1941), LaBarre (1956), Sapir (1931) und die gesamte Ausdruckspsychologie — bleibt dieser Forschungsboom in gewisser Weise unverständlich. Oft wird als Ursache angenommen, daß der immer enger werdende Raum für die Menschen in den Industrieländern zu psychischen Beeinträchtigungen führt (Streufert/Nogami 1979). Doch ist es kaum vorstellbar, daß das enorme Interesse an zwischenmenschlicher Verständigung, das sich nicht zuletzt an der Therapie- und Therapierfreudigkeit in unserer Gesellschaft offenbart, allein auf diese phänomenalen Veränderungen zurückführbar ist. Vielleicht werden individuelle und soziale Insuffizienzen des Menschen unserer Zeit hier mit räumlichen Parametern verknüpft.
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Wegner, D. (1985). Der persönliche Raum als Modell nonverbaler Proxemik. In: Schweizer, H. (eds) Sprache und Raum. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03189-1_8
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