Abstract
The cerebellum is intimately involved with aspects of control of speech and song production, as well as perception. This chapter will review some of the diverse set of findings demonstrating the nature of this involvement. In explaining these findings, a considerable number of hypotheses have been formulated with regard to the underlying function of the cerebellum. These processes include, but are not restricted to, sharpening sensory input, temporal coordination, as well as instantiation of internal models that simulate the input–output characteristics of a specific system (Bower and Parsons, Sci Am 289:50–57, 2003; Parsons et al., Brain Res 1303:84–96, 2009; Ackermann, Trends Neurosci 31(6):265–272, 2008; Kent et al., J Phonetics 28:273–302, 2000; Callan et al., Neuroimage 31:1327–1342, 2006; Cerebellum 6:321–327, 2007). The cerebellum is often recognized as a predictive machine, including for speech, and as a coordinator for articulatory gestures. There is growing evidence that the cerebellum is a masterpiece for speech and language perception, motor speech planning, verbal working memory, phonological and semantic verbal fluency, and dynamics of language production. By reviewing the literature of the involvement of the cerebellum with respect to speech and song processing, it is the goal of this chapter to clarify general underlying cerebellar functions that are pertinent to these hypotheses.
References
Ackermann H (2008) Cerebellar contributions to speech production and speech perception: psycholinguistic and neurobiological perspectives. Trends Neurosci 31(6):265–272
Ackermann H, Riecker A (2004) The contribution of the insula to motor aspects of speech production: a review and a hypothesis. Brain Lang 89(2):320–328
Ackermann H, Graber S, Hertrich I, Daum I (1997) Categorical perception in cerebellar disorders. Brain Lang 60:323–331
Ackermann H, Mathiak K, Ivry R (2004) Temporal organization of “internal speech” as a basis for cerebellar modulation of cognitive functions. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev 3(1):14–22
Adamaszek M, Kirkby KC (2016) Cerebellum and grammar processing. In: Mariën P, Manto M (eds) The linguistic cerebellum. Academic, London, pp 81–105
Bohland J, Guenther F (2006) An fMRI investigation of syllable sequence production. NeuroImage 32:821–841
Bower JM, Parsons LM (2003) Rethinking the lesser brain. Sci Am 289:50–57
Brown S, Martinez MJ, Hodges DA, Fox PR, Parsons LM (2004a) The song system of the human brain. Cogn Brain Res 20:363–375
Brown S, Martinez MJ, Parsons LM (2004b) Passive music listening spontaneously engages limbic and paralimbic systems. Neuroreport 15(13):2033–2037
Brown S, Ingham R, Ingham J, Laird A, Fox P (2005) Stuttered and fluent speech production: an ALE meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 25:105–117
Callan DE, Tajima K, Callan AM, Kubo R, Masaki S, Akahane-Yamada R (2003) Learning-induced neural plasticity associated with improved identification performance after training of a difficult second-language phonetic contrast. NeuroImage 19:113–124
Callan DE, Jones JA, Callan AM, Akahane-Yamada R (2004) Phonetic perceptual identification by native- and second-language speakers differentially activates brain regions involved with acoustic phonetic processing and those involved with articulatory-auditory/orosensory internal models. NeuroImage 22:1182–1194
Callan DE, Tsytsarev V, Hanakawa T, Callan AM, Katsuhara M, Fukuyama H, Turner R (2006) Song and speech: brain regions involved with perception and covert production. NeuroImage 31:1327–1342
Callan D, Kawato M, Parsons L, Turner R (2007) Speech and song: the role of the cerebellum. Cerebellum 6:321–327
Callan D, Callan A, Gamez M, Sato MA, Kawato M (2010) Premotor cortex mediates perceptual performance. NeuroImage 51:844–858
Casini L, Ivry R (1999) Effects of divided attention on temporal processing in patients with lesions of the cerebellum or frontal lobe. Neuropsychology 13:10–21
Chee MW, Tan EW, Thiel T (1999) Mandarin and English single word processing studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 19:3050–3056
Daly DD, Love JG (1958) Akinetic mutism. Neurology 8(3):238–242
Desmond J, Fiez J (1998) Neuroimaging studies of the cerebellum: language, learning and memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2(9):355–362
Desmond JE, Gabrieli JD, Wagner AD, Ginier BL, Glover GH (1997) Lobular patterns of cerebellar activation in verbal working-memory and finger-tapping tasks as revealed by functional MRI. J Neurosci 17(24):9675–9685
Duffy J (2004) Dysarthrias: characteristics and classification. In: Kent R (ed) The MIT encyclopedia of communication disorders. MIT Press, Boston, pp 126–129
Dum RP, Strick PL (2003) An unfolded map of the cerebellar dentate nucleus and its projections to the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 89:634–639
Durisko C, Fiez JA (2010) Functional activation in the cerebellum during working memory and simple speech tasks. Cortex 46(7):896–906
Edelman G (1987) Neural Darwinism: the theory of neuronal group selection. Basic Books, New York
Edelman G (1989) The remembered present: a biological theory of consciousness. Basic Books, New York
Gaab N, Gaser C, Zaehle T, Jancke L, Schlaug G (2003) Functional anatomy of pitch memory – an fMRI study with sparse temporal sampling. NeuroImage 19:1417–1426
Gasparini M, Di Piero V, Ciccarelli O, Cacioppo MM, Pantano P, Lenzi GL (1999) Linguistic impairment after right cerebellar stroke: a case report. Eur J Neurol 6(3):353–356
Ghosh S, Tourville J, Guenther F (2008) A neuroimaging study of premotor lateralization and cerebellar involvement in the production of phonemes and syllables. J Speech Lang Hear Res 51(5):1183–1202
Gomi H, Ito T, Murano EZ, Honda M (2002) Compensatory articulation during bilabial fricative production by regulating muscle stiffness. J Phon 30(3):261–279
Griffiths T, Johnsrude I, Dean J, Green G (1999) A common neural substrate for analysis of pitch and duration pattern in segmented sound? Neuroreport 10:3825–3830
Grimaldi G, Manto M (2012) Topography of cerebellar deficits in humans. Cerebellum 11(2):336–351
Grodd W, Hulsmann E, Lotze M, Wildgruber D, Erb M (2001) Sensorimotor mapping of the human cerebellum: fMRI evidence of somatotopic organization. Hum Brain Mapp 13:55–73
Guell X, Hoche F, Schmahmann JD (2015) Metalinguistic deficits in patients with cerebellar dysfunction: empirical support for the dysmetria of thought theory. Cerebellum 14(1):50–58
Holmes G (1917) The symptoms of acute cerebellar injuries due to gunshot injuries. Brain 40:461–535
Hubrich-Ungureanu P, Kaemmerer N, Henn FA, Braus DF (2002) Lateralized organization of the cerebellum in a silent verbal fluency task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy volunteers. Neurosci Lett 319(2):91–94
Imamizu H, Miyauchi S, Tamada T, Sasaki Y, Takino R, Putz B, Yoshioka T, Kawato M (2000) Human cerebellar activity reflecting an acquired internal model of a new tool. Nature 403:192–195
Ito M (1984) The cerebellum and neural control. Raven, New York
Ito T, Gomi H, Honda M (2004) Dynamical simulation of speech cooperative articulation by muscle linkages. Biol Cybern 91:275–282
Ivry RB, Fiez JA (2000) Cerebellar contributions to cognition and imagery. In: Gazzaniga MS (ed) The new cognitive neurosciences, 2nd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 999–1011
Ivry RB, Robertson LC (1998) The two sides of perception. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Jeffries KJ, Fritz JB, Braun AR (2003) Words in melody: an H(2)15O PET study of brain activation during singing and speaking. Neuroreport 14(5):749–754
Justus T (2004) The cerebellum and English grammatical morphology: evidence from production, comprehension, and grammaticality judgments. J Cogn Neurosci 16(7):1115–1130
Kawato M (1999) Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9:718–727
Kawato M, Furukawa K, Suzuki R (1987) A hierarchical neuronal network model for control and learning of voluntary movement. Biol Cybern 57:169–185
Keele S, Ivry R (1990) Does the cerebellum provide a common computation for diverse tasks? In: Dimond A (ed) The development and neural bases of higher cortical function, vol 608. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp 179–211
Kent R, Kent J, Weismer G, Duffy J (2000) What dysarthrias can tell us about the neural control of speech. J Phon 28:273–302
Kingma A, Mooij JJ, Metzemaekers JD, Leeuw JA (1994) Transient mutism and speech disorders after posterior fossa surgery in children with brain tumours. Acta Neurochir 131(1–2):74–79
Kleber B, Veit R, Birbaumer N, Gruzelier J, Lotze M (2010) The brain of opera singers: experience dependent changes in functional activation. Cereb Cortex 20:1144–1152
Kotz SA, Schwartze M (2010) Cortical speech processing unplugged: a timely subcortico-cortical framework. Trends Cogn Sci 14(9):392–399
Kusano Y, Tanaka Y, Takasuna H, Wada N, Tada T, Kakizawa Y, Hongo K (2006) Transient cerebellar mutism caused by bilateral damage to the dentate nuclei after the second posterior fossa surgery. Case report. J Neurosurg 104(2):329–331
Leggio MG, Chiricozzi FR, Clausi S, Tedesco AM, Molinari M (2011) The neuropsychological profile of cerebellar damage: the sequencing hypothesis. Cortex 47(1):137–144
Leiner HC (2010) Solving the mystery of the human cerebellum. Neuropsychol Rev 20:229–235
Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS (1995) The underestimated cerebellum. Hum Brain Mapp 2:244–254
Manto M (2008) The cerebellum, cerebellar disorders, and cerebellar research – two centuries of discoveries. Cerebellum 7:505–516
Mariën P, Manto M (2016) The linguistic cerebellum. Academic, London
Mariën P, Saerens J, Nanhoe R, Moens E, Nagels G, Pickut BA, Dierckx RA, De Deyn PP (1996) Cerebellar induced aphasia: case report of cerebellar induced prefrontal aphasic language phenomena supported by SPECT findings. J Neurol Sci 144(1–2):34–43
Mariën P, Engelborghs S, Pickut B, De Deyn PP (2000) Aphasia following cerebellar damage: fact or fallacy? J Neurolinguistics 13:145–171
Marvel CL, Desmond JE (2016) In: Mariën P, Manto M (eds) The linguistic cerebellum. Academic, London, pp 51–62
Middleton FA, Strick PL (1994) Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function. Science 266:458–461
Middleton FA, Strick PL (2000) Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Rev 31:236–250
Molinari M, Leggio M (2016) Cerebellum and verbal fluency (phonological and semantic). In: Mariën P, Manto M (eds) The linguistic cerebellum. Academic, London, pp 63–80
Muller AM, Meyer M (2014) Language in the brain at rest: new insights from resting state data and graph theoretical analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 8:228
Parsons L (2003) Exploring the functional neuroanatomy of music performance, perception and comprehension. In: Peretz I, Zatorre R (eds) The cognitive neuroscience of music. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 247–268
Parsons L, Petacchi A, Schmahmann J, Bower J (2009) Pitch discrimination in cerebellar patients: evidence for a sensory deficit. Brain Res 1303:84–96
Perry DW, Zatorre RJ, Petrides M, Alivisatos B, Meyer E, Evans AC (1999) Localization of cerebral activity during simple singing. Neuroreport 10(18):3979–3984
Petacchi A, Laird A, Fox P, Bower J (2005) Cerebellum and auditory function: an ALE meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 25:118–128
Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME (1988) Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature 331(6157):585–589
Ravizza SM, McCormick CA, Schlerf JE, Justus T, Ivry RB, Fiez JA (2006) Cerebellar damage produces selective deficits in verbal working memory. Brain 129(Pt 2):306–320, Epub 2005 Nov 29
Riecker A, Ackermann H, Wildgruber D, Meyer J, Dogil G, Haider H, Grodd W (2000) Articulatory/phonetic sequencing at the level of the anterior perisylvian cortex: a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Brain Lang 75(2):259–276
Riecker A, Kassubek J, Groschel K, Grodd W, Ackermann H (2006) The cerebral control of speech tempo: opposite relationship between speaking rate and BOLD signal changes at striatal and cerebellar structures. NeuroImage 29:46–53
Riva D, Giorgi C (2000) The cerebellum contributes to higher functions during development: evidence from a series of children surgically treated for posterior fossa tumours. Brain 123:1051–1061
Schlösser R, Hutchinson M, Joseffer S, Rusinek H, Saarimaki A, Stevenson J, Dewey SL, Brodie JD (1998) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity in a verbal fluency task. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64(4):492–498
Schmahmann J, Pandya D (1997) Anatomic organization of the basilar pontine projections from prefrontal cortices in rhesus monkey. J Neurosci 17(1):438–458
Schmahmann JD, Sherman JC (1998) The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain 121:561–579
Schoch B, Dimitrova A, Gizewski ER, Timmann D (2006) Functional localization in the human cerebellum based on voxelwise statistical analysis: a study of 90 patients. NeuroImage 30(1):36–51
Shapiro KA, Moo LR, Caramazza A (2012) Neural specificity for grammatical operations is revealed by content-independent fMR adaptation. Front Psychol 3:26
Shimansky Y, Saling M, Wunderlich D, Bracha V, Stelmach G, Bloedel J (1997) Impaired capacity of cerebellar patients to perceive and learn two-dimensional shape based on kinesthetic cues. Learn Mem 4:36–48
Silveri MC, Leggio MG, Molinari M (1994) The cerebellum contributes to linguistic production: a case of agrammatic speech following a right cerebellar lesion. Neurology 44(11):2047–2050
Skipper J, Nusbaum H, Small S (2005) Lending a helping hand to hearing: another motor theory of speech perception. In: Arbib M (ed) Action to language via the mirror neuron system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA
Stevens KN, Halle M (1967) Remarks on analysis by synthesis and distinctive features. In: Walthen-Dunn W (ed) Models for the perception of speech and visual form. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Stoodley CJ, Schmahmann JD (2009) Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. NeuroImage 44(2):489–501
Stoodley CJ, Schmahmann JD (2016) Functional linguistic topography of the cerebellum. In: Mariën P, Manto M (eds) The linguistic cerebellum. Academic, London, pp 315–335
Strick P, Dum RP, Fiez JA (2009) Cerebellum and nonmotor function. Ann Rev Neurosci 32:413–434
Timmann D, Daum I (2007) Cerebellar contributions to cognitive functions: a progress report after two decades of research. Cerebellum 6(3):159–162
Turkstra LS, Bayles KA (1992) Acquired mutism: physiopathy and assessment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 73(2):138–144
Urban PP, Gawehn J, Massinger C (2003) Cerebellar speech representation: lesion topography in dysarthria as derived from cerebellar ischemia and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol 60:965–972
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Callan, D.E., Manto, M.U. (2019). Cerebellar Control of Speech and Song. In: Manto, M., Gruol, D., Schmahmann, J., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_51-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_51-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97911-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97911-3
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences