Abstract
This paper introduces a basic tool kit derived from “systematic reviews” in clinical research and from “genetic epistemology.” The purpose of this tool kit is to establish a bird’s-eye view of some fundamental landmarks and grounding notions, directly related to the subject of “anticipation” in neuroscience. This tool kit is particularly aimed at helping scholars orient within the plethora of published literature in neuroscience and to facilitate the identification and analysis of notions underpinning the subject of “anticipation.” The methodological and epistemological foundations for the tool kit are scrutinized and condensed in two sequential procedures: a “scouting systematic review” and a “fast-track epistemological analysis.” To examine the performance of this tool kit, an example of its application is provided. As a result, important landmarks and grounding notions, within the subject of “cognitive anticipation,” have been identified. Despite this method’s value, it is concluded that it should be used with caution, for it is not meant to replace a full systematic review, and it does not give an exhaustive epistemological analysis.
“To begin at the beginning:”
Dylan Thomas. ‘Under milk wood’.
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Notes
- 1.
A similar and earlier notion, was held by Locke in Book II, chapter VI (Of simple ideas of reflection) of his essay “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (Locke 1998)
- 2.
It was Hughlings Jackson and Sherrington, inspired by Herbert Spencer’s evolutionary ideas, that first describe these mechanisms, which are driven by “differentiation” and “integration” processes, and produce “the integration of lower structures into the structure of the subsequence stage to form a hierarchy whose levels correspond to the successive phases of growth” (Piaget 1974)
- 3.
- 4.
Similarly, it is now recognized how difficult the concept of fractals was to grasp in the last century (Mandelbrot 1982)
- 5.
A current enactment of this insight is the box-counting algorithm. Briefly, the “box-counting algorithm” is used for estimating several types of fractal dimensions; it consists in laying out grids of different sizes on a digital image and counting the number of boxes that contain pixels of interest, as well as the number of pixels per box. In other words, the main routine of this algorithm is to “weigh” the “pixel mass” of each box
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Labra-Spröhnle, F. (2019). Where to Begin? Surveying Anticipation in Neuroscience: An Essential Roadmapping Toolkit. In: Poli, R. (eds) Handbook of Anticipation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91554-8_19
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