Synonyms
Definition
Jazz is a product of the New World, embedded with the history of slavery, imperialism, and decolonialization. Constructed from elements found in African and European musical traditions, jazz originated in the United States, but was later embraced by many musicians and listeners beyond the borders of its country of origin. Jazz not only allowed for the expression of old and new beliefs and issues resulting from the mixture of people in the New World, but also welcomed the incorporation of non-U.S. elements, creating the possibility of adaptation that allowed for a potentially global musical tradition, that addressed issues of imperialism and anti-imperialism. By examing moments of cultural borrowing, destabilisation, and decolonization in jazz, different processes of identity construction and negotiation in the U.S. become visible.
When thinking of jazz,...
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References
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Atkins, E. T. (Ed.). (2003). Jazz planet. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Baraka, A. [L. Jones]. (1963). Blues people. New York: W. Morrow.
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Davenport, L. (2009). Jazz diplomacy: Promoting America in the Cold War. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
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Handy, W. C. (1941). Father of the blues: An autobiography. New York: Macmillan.
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Kelley, R. D. J. (2002). Freedom dreams: The black radical imagination. Boston: Beacon Press.
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Kofsky, F. (1970). Black nationalism and the revolution in music. New York: Pathfinder.
Kofsky, F. (1998). Black music, white business: Illuminating the history and the political economy of jazz. New York: Pathfinder.
Lane, J. (2013). Jazz and machine-age imperialism: Music, ‘race’, and intellectuals in France, 1918–1945. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
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Monson, I. (2007). Freedom sounds: Civil rights call out to Jazz and Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Parker, W. (2011). Conversations. Paris: Rogue Art.
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Von Eschen, P. (2004). Satchmo blows up the world: Jazz ambassadors play the Cold War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
West, C. (2004). Democracy matters: Winning the fight against imperialism. New York: Penguin.
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Zorn, J. (Ed.). (2007). Arcana II: Musicians on music. New York: Hips Road.
Zorn, J. (Ed.). (2008). Arcana III: Musicians on music. New York: Hips Road.
Zorn, J. (Ed.). (2009). Arcana IV: Musicians on music. New York: Hips Road.
Zorn, J. (Ed.). (2010). Arcana V: Music, magic, mysticism. New York: Hips Road.
Zorn, J. (Ed.). (2012). Arcana VI: Musicians on music. New York: Hips Road.
Discography
Adderley, C. (1966). Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at ‘The Club’ (Capitol).
Adderley, C. (1967). Why Am I Treated So Bad! (Capitol).
Adderley, C. (1969). Country Preacher. (Capitol).
Armstrong, L. (1929). ‘(What Did I Do to Be So) Black and Blue’ (reissued 2000 on Satch Plays Fats: A Tribute to the Immortal Fats Waller by Louis Armstrong, Columbia).
Armstrong, L. (1955). Satch plays Fats: A Tribute to the Immortal Fats Waller by Louis Armstrong. (Columbia).
Blakey, A. (1956). The Jazz Messengers (Columbia).
Blakey, A. (1957a). Drum Suite (Columbia).
Blakey, A. (1957b). Orgy in Rhythm: Volumes 1 & 2 (Blue Note).
Blakey, A. (1958). Moanin’ (Blue Note).
Blakey, A. (1961). The Witch Doctor (Blue Note).
Blakey, A. (1962). The African Beat (Blue Note).
Blakey, A. (1964a). Free for All (Blue Note).
Blakey, A. (1964b). Indestructible (Blue Note).
Blakey A. with Martinez, S. (1958). Holiday for Skins (Blue Note).
Blanchard, T. (1992). Malcolm X: The Original Motion Picture Score (Columbia).
Blanchard, T. (1993). The Malcolm X Jazz Suite (Columbia).
Blanchard, T. (2007). A Tale of God’s Will: A Requiem for Katrina (Blue Note).
Brubeck, D. (1957). Jazz Impressions of the USA (Fantasy).
Brubeck, D. (1958). Jazz Impressions of Eurasia (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1959a). Gone with the Wind (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1959b). Southern Scene (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1959c). Time Out (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1961). Time Further Out (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1963a). Boss Nova USA (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1963b). Brandenburg Gate: Revisited (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1964a). Jazz Impressions of Japan (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1964b). Jazz Impressions of New York (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. (1967). Bravo! Brubeck! (Columbia).
Brubeck, D. with Louis Armstrong. (1962). The Real Ambassadors (Columbia).
Coleman, O. (1958). Something Else!!!! The Music of Ornette Coleman (Contemporary).
Coleman, O. (1959a). Tomorrow is the Question! The New Music of Ornette Coleman (Contemporary).
Coleman, O. (1959b). The Shape of Jazz to Come (Atlantic).
Coleman, O. (1960). Change of the Century (Atlantic).
Coleman, O. (1961a). Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation (Atlantic).
Coleman, O. (1961b). This is Our Music (Atlantic).
Coleman, O. (1969). Crisis (Released 1972, Impulse!).
Coleman, O. (1972a). Science Fiction (Columbia).
Coleman, O. (1972b). Skies of America (Columbia).
Coleman, O. with The Master Musicians of Jajouka. (1977). Dancing in Your Head (Horizon).
Coltrane, J. (1961a). ‘Song of the Underground Railroad’ on The Africa/Brass Sessions, Vol. 2. (Released 1974, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1961b). ‘India’ on The Complete 1961 Village Vanguard Recordings (Released 1997, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1964). ‘Alabama’ on Live at Birdland. (Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1965a). ‘Evolution’ on Live in Seattle (Released 1971, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1965b). First Meditations (for quartet) (Released 1977, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1965c). Kulu Sé Mama (Released 1967, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1965d). A Love Supreme (Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1965e). Om (Released 1968, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1965f). Sun Ship (Released 1971, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1965g). Transition (Released 1970, Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1966a). Ascension (Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1966b). Meditations (Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1966c). ‘Peace on Earth’ on Live in Japan (Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1967a). Expression (Impulse!).
Coltrane, J. (1967b). Interstellar Space (Released 1974, Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1968). A Monastic Trio (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1969). Huntington Ashram Monastery (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1970a). Journey in Satchidananda (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1970b). Ptah, The El Daoud (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1971). World Galaxy (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1972a). Lord of Lords (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1972b). Universal Consciousness (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (1973). World Galaxy (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. (2004). Translinear Light (Impulse!).
Coltrane, A. with Carlos Santana. (1974). Illuminations (Columbia).
Coltrane, J. with Coltrane, A. (1966). ‘Reverend King’ on Cosmic Music (Released 1968, Impulse!).
Corea, C. with Return to Forever. (1972). Light as a Feather (Polydor).
Davis, M. (1958). Ascenseur pour l’échafaud [Elevator to the Gallows] (PolyGram).
Davis, M. (1959). Kind of Blue (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1960). Sketches of Spain. (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1969). In a Silent Way (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1970a). Bitches Brew (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1970b). Get Up With It (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1972). On the Corner (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1973). In Concert. (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1974). Big Fun (Columbia).
Davis, M. (1986). Tutu (Warner Bros).
Davis, M. (1989). Amandla [Power]. (Warner Bros).
Ellington, D. (1927). ‘Creole Love Call’ (reissued 1990 on Duke Ellington and his Orchestra: 1927–1928, Classics).
Ellington, D. (1945). New World A-Comin’ (V-Disc).
Ellington, D. (1947). Liberian Suite (Columbia).
Ellington, D. (1959). The Queen’s Suite. (Released 1976 as part of The Ellington Suites, Pablo).
Ellington, D. (1963). My People (Flying Dutchman).
Ellington, D. (1966). New World A’Comin’ on Concert of Sacred Music (RCA).
Ellington, D. (1967). Far East Suite (RCA).
Ellington, D. (1968/70). Latin American Suite. (Released 1972, Fantasy).
Ellington, D. (1970). New Orleans Suite (Atlantic).
Ellington, D. (1971a). The Afro-Eurasian Eclipse (Fantasy).
Ellington, D. (1971b). Togo Brava Suite. (United Artists).
Ellington, D. with Mahalia Jackson. (1958). Black, Brown, and Beige (Columbia).
Fitzgerald, E. (1960). Ella in Berlin (Verve).
Funkadelic. (1970). Free Your Mind and Your Ass Will Follow (Westbound).
Funkadleic. (1975). Let’s Take it to the Stage (Westbound).
Gershwin, G. (1924). Rhapsody in Blue (Reissued 1998 on Historic Gershwin Recordings, RCA).
Glasper, R. (2012). Black Radio (Blue Note).
Goodman, B. (1935/1939). The Complete RCA Victor Small Group Recordings (Reissued 1997, BMG).
Goodman, B. (1938). The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert (Reissued 1999, Columbia).
Goodman, B. (1940). ‘How High the Moon’ (Reissued 1989 on Best of the Big Bands: Benny Goodman, SONY).
Haden, C. with the Liberation Music Orchestra. (1970). Liberation Music Orchestra (Impulse!).
Haden, C. with the Liberation Music Orchestra. (1983). Ballad of the Fallen (ECM).
Haden, C. with the Liberation Music Orchestra. (1989). The Montreal Tapes (Released 1999, Verve).
Haden, C. with the Liberation Music Orchestra. (1990). Dream Keeper (Blue Note).
Haden, C. with the Liberation Music Orchestra. (2005). Not in Our Name (Verve).
Hancock, H. (1973). Headhunters (Columbia).
Hancock, H. (2007). RIVER: the joni letters (Verve).
Handy, W.C. (1917/1923). Memphis Blues Band (Reissued 1994, Memphis Archives).
Harris, E. (1961). Exodus to Jazz (Vee-Jay).
Harris, E. (1968). ‘Free at Last’ on Silver Cycles (Atlantic).
Harris, E. (1970). Free Speech (Atlantic).
Harris, E. with Les McCann. (1969). ‘Compared to What’ on Swiss Movement (Atlantic).
Henderson, J. (1969). Power to the People (Milestone).
Henderson, J. (1970). At the Lighthouse: ‘If you’re not part of the solution, you’re part of the problem’ (Milestone).
Henderson, J. (1971). In the Pursuit of Blackness (Milestone).
Henritzi, M. (2007). Keith Rowe Serves Imperialism (w.m.o/r).
Ho, F. with Greene, A. T. (1998). Warrior Sisters: The New Adventures of African and Asian Womyn Warriors – A New American Opera in Three Acts (Koch Jazz).
Ho, F. with Quincy Saul. (2012). The Music of Cal Massey: A Tribute (mutable).
Ho, F. with raúlrsalinas. (2005). A call for liberación (Wings Press).
Ho, F. with Ruth Margraff. (1999). Once Upon a Time in Chinese America…: A Martial Arts Ballet (innova).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (1985). Tomorrow is Now! (Soul Note).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (1986). Bamboo That Snaps Back (Finnadar).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (1987). We Refuse to be Used and Abused (Soul Note).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (1988). A Song for Manong (AsianImprov).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (1993). The Underground Railroad to my Heart (Soul Note).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (1996). Yes Means Yes, No Means No, Whatever She Wears, Wherever She Goes! (Koch Jazz).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (1997). Turn Pain into Power! (OO).
Ho, F. with the Afro-Asian Music Ensemble. (2011). Big Red! (innova).
Ho, F. with the Brooklyn Sax Quartet. (2005). Far Side of Here (OmniTone).
Ho, F. with the Green Monster Big Band. (2009). Celestial Green Monster (mutable).
Ho, F. with the Green Monster Big Band. (2011a). The Sweet Science Suite: A Scientific Soul Music Honoring Muhammad Ali (mutable).
Ho, F. with the Green Monster Big Band. (2011b). Year of the Tiger (innova).
Ho, F. with the Monkey Orchestra. (1996a). Monkey: Part One (Koch Jazz).
Ho, F. with the Monkey Orchestra. (1996b). Monkey: Part Two (Koch Jazz).
Ho, F. with the Saxophone Liberation Front. (2012). Snake-Eaters (mutable).
Holiday, B. (1939). ‘Strange Fruit’ (Reissued 2000 on The Commodore Master Takes, Commodore).
Holiday, B. (1956). ‘Strange Fruit’ on Lady Sings the Blues (Clef).
Joplin, S. (1899/1916). ‘Maple Leaf Rag’ (piano roll recorded 1986 and released 1987 on The Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz, Smithsonian).
Kirk, R. (1968). Volunteered Slavery (Atlantic).
Kirk, R. (1971). Blacknuss (Atlantic).
Marsalis, B. with Buckshot LeFonque. (1994). Buckshot LeFonque (Columbia).
Marsalis, B. with Buckshot LeFonque. (1997). Music Evolution (Columbia).
Marsalis, B. (2002). Footsteps of Our Fathers (Marsalis Music).
Marsalis, W. with the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra. (1997) Blood on the Fields (Columbia).
Marsalis, W. with the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra. (2004). A Love Supreme (Palmetto).
Marsalis, W. with the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra. (2005). Don’t be afraid…: The Music of Charles Mingus (Palmeto).
Marsalis, W. (2007). From the Plantation to the Penitentiary (Blue Note).
McLaughlin, J. with Shakti. (1975). Shakti (Columbia).
McPhee, J. (1969). Underground Railroad. (CjR).
McPhee, J. (1970). Nation Time (CjR).
McPhee, J. with H. Drake. (2000). Emancipation Proclamation: A Real Statement of Freedom (Okka Disk).
Mingus, C. (1959). ‘Fables of Faubus’ on Mingus Ah Um (Columbia).
Mingus, C. (1960a). ‘Original Faubus Fables’ on Charles Mingus Presents Charles Mingus (Candid).
Mingus, C. (1960b). Newport Rebels (Candid).
Mingus, C. (1964). ‘New Fables’ on Right Now: Live at the Jazz Workshop (Fantasy).
Mingus, C. with Hughes, L. (1958). The Weary Blues (Verve).
Morgan, L. (1964). Search for the New Land (released 1966, Blue Note).
Morton, J. R. (1915/1924). ‘[Original] Jelly Roll Blues’ (Reissued 1991 on 1923/24, Milestone).
Morton, J. R. (1938). ‘Maple Leaf Rag’ (Reissued 1987 on The Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz, Smithsonian).
Nelson, O. (1962). Afro/American Sketches (Prestige).
Nelson, O. (1967). The Kennedy Dream (Impulse!).
Nelson, O. (1969). Black, Brown, and Beautiful (Flying Dutchman).
Original Dixieland Jazz Band. (1917). ‘Livery Stable Blues’ (Reissued 1983 on Sensation!, AJA).
Parker, C. (1946). ‘Ornithology’ (Reissued 2002 on The Complete Savoy & Dial Master Takes, Savoy).
Parker, W. (1999). Emancipation Suite #1. (Released 2002, Boxholder).
Parker, W. with Amiri Baraka. (2007). The Inside Songs of Curtis Mayfield: Live in Rome. (Rai Trade).
Parker, W. with Amiri Barka. (2010). I Plan To Stay A Believer: The Inside Songs of Curtis Mayfield (AUM Fidelity).
Parker, W. with Other Dimensions in Music. (1989). Other Dimensions in Music (Silkheart).
Parker, W. with Other Dimensions in Music. (1997). Now! (AUM Fidelity).
Parker, W. with Other Dimensions in Music. (2006). Live at the Sunset (Marge).
Parker, W. with Other Dimensions in Music and Fay Victor. (2010). Kaiso Stories (Silkheart).
Parker, W. with Other Dimensions in Music and Matthew Shipp. (1997). Time is of the Essence is Beyond Time (AUM Fidelity).
Roach, M. (1960). We Insist! Freedom Now Suite (Candid).
Roach, M. (1961). Percussion Bitter Suite (Impulse!).
Roach, M. (1962a). It’s Time (Impusle!).
Roach, M. (1962b). Speak, Brother, Speak (Fantasy).
Roach, M. (1968). Members, Don’t Git Weary (Atlantic).
Roach, M. (1971). Lift Every Voice and Sing (Atlantic).
Roach, M. (1985). Scott Free (Soul Note).
Roach, M. with Anthony Braxton. (1979). The Long March (Hathut).
Roach, M. with M’Boom. (1973). Re: Percussion (Strata-East).
Roach, M. with M’Boom. (1979). M’Boom (Columbia).
Rollins, S. (1958). Freedom Suite (Riverside).
Sanders, P. (1966). Tauhid [Oneness of God] (Impulse!).
Sanders, P. (1969a). Jewels of Thought (Impulse!).
Sanders, P. (1969b). Karma (Impulse!).
Sanders, P. (1970). Deaf dumb blind/summun bukmun umyun (Impulse!).
Sanders, P. (1971). Black Unity (Impulse!).
Shepp, A. (1965). Fire Music (Impulse!).
Shepp, A. (1969). Poem for Malcolm (BYG-Actuel).
Shepp, A. (1971). Things Have Got to Change (Impulse!).
Shepp, A. (1972a). Attica Blues (Impulse!).
Shepp, A. (1972b). The Cry of my People (Impulse!).
Shepp, A. (1979). Attica Blues Big Band: Live at the Palais des Glaces (Blue Marge).
Sun Ra. (1957). Jazz by Sun Ra [Sun Song] (Universal).
Sun Ra with Baraka, A. (1968). A black mass (Son Boy).
Sun Ra with Dumas, H. (1966). The Ark and the Ankh (IKEF).
Waldron, M. (1969a) Free at Last (ECM).
Waldron, M. (1969b) Set me Free (Released 1984, Affinity).
Ware, D.S. (2002). Freedom Suite (AUM Fidelity).
Weston, R. (1960/1963). Uhuru Afrika/Highlife (Roulette).
Weston, R. (1973). Tanjah (Polydor).
Weston, R. (1975). African Nite (OWL).
Weston, R. (2006). Zep Tepi (Random Chance).
Weston, R. and The Gnawa Master Musicians of Morocco. (2000). Spirit! The Power of Music (Gitanes).
Weston, R. with Gillespie, D., Liston, M., & Sanders, P. (1991). The spirits of our ancestors (Antilles).
Weston, R. with the Splendid Master Gnawa Musicians of Morocco. (1994). The Splendid Master Gnawa Musicians of Morocco (Verve).
Zawinul, J. (1996). My People (Escape).
Zawinul, J. with Weather Report. (1977). Heavy Weather (Columbia).
Zorn, J. (1989). Spy vs. Spy: The Music of Ornette Coleman (Elektra).
Zorn, J. (1993). Kristallknacht (Tzadik).
Zorn, J. (2003/2005). Masada Anniversary Editions Vols. 1–5: Masada Guitars/Voices in the Wilderness/The Unknown Masada/Masada Recital/Masada Rock (Tzadik).
Zorn, J. with Bar Kokhba Sextet. (1996). Bar Kokhba (Tzadik).
Zorn, J. with Electric Masada. (2005). At the Mountains of Madness (Tzadik).
Zorn, J. with Lovano, J., Medeski, Martin and Wood, Metheny, P., Ribot, M. et al. (2005/2013). Book of Angels Volumes 1–20 (Tzadik).
Zorn, J. with Masada. (1993). First Live 1993 (Released 2002, Tzadik).
Zorn, J. with Masada. (1994/1998). Masada 1-10: Alef [A]/Beit [B]/Gimel [C]/Dalet [D]/Hei [E]/Vav [F]/Zayin [G]/Het [H]/Tet [I]/Yod [J] (DIW).
Zorn, J. with Masada String Trio and Bar Kokhba Sextet. (1998). The Circle Maker (Tzadik).
Filmography
Blanchard, M. (1992). Malcolm X (Warner Bros).
Davis, M. (2001). The Miles Davis Story (BBC).
Glasper, R., Spalding, E. et al. (2009). Icons among Us: Jazz in the Present Tense (Paradigm).
Goodman, B. (1956). The Benny Goodman Story (Universal).
Ho, F. (2003). All Power to the People! The Black Panther Ballet Suite (innova).
Lee, S. (2006). When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (40 Acres and a Mule).
Lee, S. (2010). If God Is Willing and Da Creek Don’t Rise (40 Acres and a Mule).
Roach, M. (1981). Death of a Prophet: The Last 25 Hours of Malcom X (Echo Bridge).
Spalding, E. with Belafonte, H., Monáe, J., & Wonder, S. (2013). ‘We are America’ (ESP Media).
Sun Ra. (1959). The Cry of Jazz (KHTB Productions).
Sun Ra. (1974). Space is the Place. (Plexifilm).
Sun Ra. (1980). Sun Ra: A Joyful Noise (Mug-Shots).
Sun Ra. (1995). The Last Angel of History (Black Audio).
Whiteman, P. (1930). King of Jazz (Universal).
Zorn, J. (1999). Masada: Live at Tonic (Tzadik).
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Zlabinger, T. (2020). Jazz: Come On and Let’s Get Free. In: Ness, I., Cope, Z. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_232-1
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