Skip to main content

Nigeria: Modern Economic Imperialism (c. 1980 to Present)

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 597 Accesses

Introduction

The roots of the modern system of economic imperialism in Nigeria can be traced back to the advent of European merchants along the coastal areas of West Africa as from the seventeenth century (Stone 1988). This early-stage mercantilism signalled the consequent proclamation of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria by the end of the nineteenth century and subsequent integration of the new colonial territory into the world capitalist system (Smith 1979). Colonialism ensured the total peripheral subjugation of geographical territory of Nigeria along with its markets and products (largely raw materials) to the dictates and vagaries of the markets in the metropolis (Lange et al. 2006). In particular, trade and profit making were the ultimate attention of metropolitan markets and local lumpenbourgeoisie at the expense of the pauperized producers in the colony. Forming the early set of the indigenous elite class, the local merchants and middlemen (lumpenbourgeoisie) merged with...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Agbiboa, D. E. (2013). Why Boko Haram exists: The relative deprivation perspective. African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 3(1), 144–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akinlo, A. E. (2011). A macroeconomic analysis of the effects of financial liberalization on capital flight in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 3(3), 217–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akinsanya, A. (1994). The power structure in Nigeria and the indigenization of the economy. Pakistan Horizon, 47(2), 63–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinyele, R. T. (2001). Ethnic militancy and national stability in Nigeria: A case study of the Oodua People’s Congress. African Affairs, 100, 623–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anyanwu, J. C. (1992). President Babangida’s structural adjustment programme and inflation in Nigeria. Journal of Social Development in Africa, 7(1), 5–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atata, N., & Omobowale, A. O. (2018). The social symbolism of Biafra protest songs in South-Eastern Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 16(1), 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bienen, H. S., & Gersovitz, M. (1985). Economic stabilization, conditionality, and political stability. International Organization, 39(4), 729–754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, M., & Matfess, H. (2016). Women as symbols and swords in Boko Haram’s terror. PRISM, 6(1), 104–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabal, P. (2002). The quest for good government and development in Africa: Is NEPAD the answer? International Affairs, 78(3), 447–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehwarieme, W. (2011). The military factor in Nigeria’s democratic stability, 1999–2009. Armed Forces & Society, 37(3), 494–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elum, Z. A., Mopipi, K., & Henri-Ukoha, A. (2016). Oil exploitation and its socioeconomic effects on the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(13), 12880–12889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falode, J. A. (2016). The nature of Nigeria’s Boko Haram war, 2010–2015 a strategic analysis. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(1), 41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gbosi, A. N. (1993). Nigeria’s contemporary industrial relations policies: A critical review. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 28(3), 248–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geo-JaJa, M. A., & Magnum, G. (2001). Structural adjustment as an inadvertent enemy of human development in Africa. Journal of Black Studies, 32(1), 30–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, A. (2016). Poverty, oil and corruption: The need for a Quad-Sector Development Partnership (QSDP) in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Development and Policy Review, 34(4), 509–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibaba, I. (2011). Terrorism in liberation struggles: Interrogating the engagement tactics of the movement for the emancipation of the Niger Delta. Perspectives on Terrorism, 5(3/4), 18–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Igbuzor, O. (2003). Privatization in Nigeria: Critical issues of concern to civil society. A Paper Presented at a power mapping roundtable discussion on the privatization programme in Nigeria organized by Socio-economic Rights Initiative (SERI), held at Niger Links Hotel, Abuja, 3 September 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikelegbe, A. (2001). The perverse manifestation of civil society: Evidence from Nigeria. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 39(1), 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikelegbe, A. (2005). State, ethnic militias, and conflict in Nigeria. Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne Des Études Africaines, 39(3), 490–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwuagwu, O. (2009). Nigeria and the challenge of industrial development: The new cluster strategy. African Economic History, 37, 151–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimoh, A. (1991). Capital from Nigeria. Journal of Economic Integration, 6(2), 60–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jumbo, T. (2011, March 21). Power sector privatization: Indians again? Vanguard Newspaper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, M., Mahoney, J., & vom Hau, M. (2006). Colonialism and development: A comparative analysis of Spanish and British colonies. American Journal of Sociology, 111(5), 1412–1462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawanson, A. (2007). An econometric analysis of capital flight from Nigeria: A portfolio approach (AERC research paper no. 166). Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium (AERC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, P. M. (1994). Economic statism, private capital, and the dilemmas of accumulation in Nigeria. World Development, 22(3), 437–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingam, L. (2006). Gender, households and poverty: Tracking mediations of macro adjustment programmes. Economic and Political Weekly, 41(20), 1989–1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nafziger, E. W. (1972). The economic impact of the Nigerian civil war. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 10(02), 223–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Bureau of Statistics. (2005). Social statistics in Nigeria. Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Planning Commission. (2004). NEEDS Nigeria: Empowering people. Abuja: National Planning Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngwainmbi, E. K. (2005). The black media entrepreneur and economic implications for the 21st century. Journal of Black Studies, 36(1), 3–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nolte, I. (2004). Identity and violence: The politics of youth in Ijebu-Remo, Nigeria. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 42(1), 61–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nolte, I. (2008). ‘Without women, nothing can succeed’: Yoruba women in the Oodua People’s Congress (OPC), Nigeria. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 78(1), 84–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noorbakhsh, F., & Paloni, A. (1999). Structural adjustment programme and industry in Sub-Saharan Africa: Restructuring and de-industrialization? The Journal of Developing Areas, 33(4), 549–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nwachukwu, C. (2011, January 6). Petroleum imports: Shame of a nation. Vanguard Newspaper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nwoke, C. N. (1986). Towards authentic economic nationalism in Nigeria. Africa Today, 33(4), 51–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Occhiali, G., & Falchetta, G. (2018). The changing role of natural gas in Nigeria (Working paper 010.2018). Milan: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogbogu, J. (2016). Nigeria’s approach to terrorist rehabilitation. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 8(4), 16–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogbuagu, C. S. A. (1983). The Nigerian indigenization policy: Nationalism or pragmatism? African Affairs, 82(327), 241–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogwumike, F. O. (2002). An appraisal of poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria. CBN Economic and Financial Review, 39(4), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okafor, O. C. (2007). The precarious place of labour rights and movements in Nigeria’s dual economic and political transition, 1999–2005. Journal of African Law, 51(1), 68–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okonji, E. (2012, June 14). $18bn telecoms revenue gone with capital flight. Thisday Newspaper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olugbenga, A. A., & Alamu, O. A. (2013). Does capital flight have a force to bear on Nigerian economic growth? International Journal of Developing Countries, 2(2), 80–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olukoju, A. (2004). Never expect power always: Electricity consumers’ response to monopoly, corruption and inefficient services in Nigeria. African Affairs, 103(410), 51–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olutayo, A. O., & Omobowale, A. O. (2005). Globalization, democracy and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 8(1&2), 228–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olutayo, A. O., & Omobowale, A. O. (2011). Public service reforms and the Nigerian telecommunications (NITEL) PLC. Development and Society, 40(2), 335–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omobowale, A. O. (2009). Nigeria, protest and revolution, 20th century. In I. Ness (Ed.), International encyclopedia of revolution and protest (pp. 2482–2484). Oxford: Willey-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omobowale, A. O. (2012). Global e-waste management and second-hand consumption in the third world: Substandard context and Tokunbo phenomenon in Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 10, 88–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omobowale, A. O. (2013a). The Tokunbo phenomenon and the second-hand economy in Nigeria. Oxford: Peter Lang Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omobowale, A. O. (2013b). Tokunbo ICT: Symbolic-rationality of second-hand ICT utilization in Nigeria. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 33(7/8), 509–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omobowale, A. O., & Olutayo, A. O. (2007). Chief Lamidi Adedibu and patronage politics in Nigeria. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 45(3), 425–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omobowale, A. O., Oni, A., & Ugbem, C. E. (2012). A chronological explanation of violence in Nigeria. In A. Browne-Miller (Ed.), Violence and abuse in society: Understanding a global crisis. vol 1: Fundamentals, effects, and extremes (pp. 195–212). Santa Barbara: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onuoha, G. (2014). The politics of ‘hope’ and ‘despair’: Generational dimensions to Igbo nationalism in post-civil war Nigeria. African Sociological Review/Revue Africaine De Sociologie, 18(1), 2–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Onuoha, G. (2016). Shared histories, divided memories: Mediating and navigating the tensions in Nigeria–Biafra war discourses. Africa Today, 63(1), 3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onwuegbuchulam, S. P., & Mtshali, K. (2017). To be or not to be? A theoretical investigation into the crisis of national identity in Nigeria. Africa Today, 64(1), 75–97. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.64.1.04.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pang, L. (2008). China who makes and fakes: A semiotics of the counterfeit. Theory, Culture and Society, 25(6), 117–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, S., & van Til, R. H. (1997). Nigeria: Experience with structural adjustment. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, S. (1993). Aspects of structural adjustment in West Africa and South-East Asia. Economic and Political Weekly, 28(37): 1937–1941+1944–1945+1947–1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. (1979). Colonialism in economic theory: The experience of Nigeria. The Journal of Development Studies, 15(3), 38–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stock, R. (1988). Environmental sanitation in Nigeria: Colonial and contemporary. Review of African Political Economy, 42, 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J. C. (1988). Imperialism, colonialism and cartography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 13(1), 57–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Sun (2012, December 9). Nigeria’s loss to foreign universities. The Sun.

    Google Scholar 

  • Times Higher Education. (2019). World University Ranking 2019. Accessed 26 Dec 2018. From https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats

  • Turner, T. (1976). Multinational corporations and the instability of the Nigerian state. Review of African Political Economy, 3(5), 63–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Udofia, O. E. (1984). Imperialism in Africa: A case of multinational corporations. Journal of Black Studies, 14(3), 353–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Udoh, I. (2013). A qualitative review of the militancy, amnesty, and peacebuilding in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Peace Research, 45(2), 63–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ugorji, E. C. (1995). Privatization/commercialization of state-owned enterprises in Nigeria: Strategies for improving the performance of the economy. Comparative Political Studies, 27(4), 537–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varin, C. (2018). Turning the tides of war: The impact of private military and security companies on Nigeria’s counterinsurgency against Boko Haram. African Security Review, 27(2), 144–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weeraratne, S. (2017). Theorizing the expansion of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. Terrorism and Political Violence, 29(4), 610–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zenn, J. (2017). Demystifying al-Qaida in Nigeria cases from Boko Haram’s founding, launch of Jihad and suicide bombings. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(6), 173–189.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Omobowale, A.O. (2019). Nigeria: Modern Economic Imperialism (c. 1980 to Present). In: Ness, I., Cope, Z. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_149-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91206-6_149-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91206-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91206-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference HistoryReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities

Publish with us

Policies and ethics