Definitions
- Tourism:
-
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), “Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which involve tourism expenditure” (UNWTO 2014, p. 1).
- Tourism sector:
-
The UNWTO further defined Tourism sector as: “the cluster of production units in different industries that provide consumption goods and services demanded by visitors. Such industries are called tourism industries because visitor acquisition represents such a significant share of their supply that, in the absence of visitors, their production of these would cease to exist in meaningful quantity” (UNWTO 2014, p. 12).
- Sustainable tourism:
-
Is defined by the UNWTO as “Tourism that takes full...
References
Balint PJ (2006) Improving community-based conservation near protected areas. The importance of development variables. Environ Manag 38(1):137–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0100-y
Bracking S (2015) The anti-politics of climate finance: the creation and performativity of the green climate fund. Antipode 47(2):281–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12123
Bread for the World (2016) Transforming tourism: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Tourism Watch. Available online at https://www.tourism-watch.de/files/2030_agenda_internet_en_0.pdf
Buckley R (2009) Ecotourism. Principles and practices. CABI (CABI tourism texts), Wallingford
Butcher J (2007) Ecotourism, NGOs and development. A critical analysis/Jim Butcher. Routledge, London. (Contemporary geographies of leisure, tourism and mobility, 8). Available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/BLDSS
Cater C, Cater E (2015) Ecotourism. In: International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 105–109
Ceballos Lascuráin H (1996) Tourism, ecotourism, and protected areas. In: The state of nature-based tourism around the world and guidelines for its development. UICN Publication, Cambridge
Das M, Chatterjee B (2015) Ecotourism: a panacea or a predicament? Tour Manag Perspect 14:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.01.002
Dornan M, Shah KU (2016) Energy policy, aid, and the development of renewable energy resources in Small Island Developing States. Energy Policy 98:759–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.035
Fennell DA (1999) Ecotourism. An introduction. Repr. Routledge, London/New York
Gössling S, Peeters P (2015) Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900–2050. J Sustain Tour 23(5):639–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1008500
Gowdy J, Hall C, Klitgaard K, Krall L (2010) What every conservation biologist should know about economic theory. Conserv Biol 24(6):1440–1447. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01563.x
Hall CM (2007) Pro-poor tourism. In: Hall CM (ed) Who benefits?: perspectives on tourism and poverty reduction. Channel View Publications (Current themes in tourism), Clevedon
Higham JES, Cohen SA, Cavaliere CT (2014) Climate change, discretionary air travel, and the “Flyers’ Dilemma”. J Travel Res 53(4):462–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513500393
Hill J, Gale T (2009) Ecotourism and environmental sustainability. In: Hill J, Gale T (eds) Principles and practice. Ashgate, Farnham/Burlington
Honey M (2002) Ecotourism & certification. In: Honey M (ed) Setting standards in practice. Island Press, Washington, DC
Jafari J (2001) The scientification of tourism. In: Smith VL, Brent M (eds) Hosts and guests revisited. Tourism issues of the 21st century. Cognizant Communication Corp (Tourism dynamics), New York
Lenzen M, Sun Y-Y, Faturay F, Ting Y-P, Geschke A, Malik A (2018) The carbon footprint of global tourism. Nat Clim Chang 8(6):522–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x
Lindberg K, Furze B, Staff M, Black R (1997) Ecotourism and other services derived from forests in the Asia-Pacific region: outlook to 2010. Forestry Policy and Planning Division, Rome
McKercher B, Prideaux B, Cheung C, Law R (2010) Achieving voluntary reductions in the carbon footprint of tourism and climate change. J Sustain Tour 18(3):297–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903395022
Mitchell J, Font X, Li SN (2015) What is the impact of hotels on local economic development? Applying value chain analysis to individual businesses. Anatolia 26(3):347–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2014.947299
Müller H (1994) The thorny path to sustainable tourism development. J Sustain Tour 2(3):131–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589409510690
Page SJ, Dowling RK (2002) Ecotourism. Prentice Hall (Themes in tourism), Harlow
Romero-Brito TP, Buckley RC, Byrne J (2016) NGO Partnerships in using ecotourism for conservation: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 11(11):e0166919. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166919
Scheyvens R (2002) Tourism for development. Empowering communities. Prentice Hall (Themes in tourism), Harlow
Scheyvens R, Momsen JH (2008) Tourism and poverty reduction: issues for small island states. Tour Geogr 10(1):22–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680701825115
Scheyvens R, Banks G, Hughes E (2016) The private sector and the SDGs: the need to move beyond ‘Business as usual’. Sustain Dev 24(6):371–382. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1623
Scott D, Peeters P, Gössling S (2010) Can tourism deliver its “aspirational” greenhouse gas emission reduction targets? J Sustain Tour 18(3):393–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003653542
Scott D, Gössling S, Hall CM, Peeters P (2015) Can tourism be part of the decarbonized global economy? The costs and risks of alternate carbon reduction policy pathways. J Sustain Tour 24:52–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1107080
Second international conference on Climate Change and Tourism (ed) (2007) Davos declaration. Climate change and tourism. Responding to global challenges. UNWTO, Davos. Available online at http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/decladavose.pdf
Sigala M (2014) Customer involvement in sustainable supply chain management. Cornell Hosp Q 55(1):76–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965513504030
Simpson MC, Gössling S, Scott D, Hall CM, Gladin E (2008) Climate change adaptation and mitigation in the tourism sector: frameworks, tools and practices. UNEP, University of Oxford, UNWTO, WMO, Paris
Sokhanvar A, Çiftçioğlu S, Javid E (2018) Another look at tourism- economic development nexus. Tour Manag Perspect 26:97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.03.002
The Brundtland Report. World Commission on Environment Development (1987) Our common future. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York
United Nations (UN) General Assembly (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Available online at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2005) Making tourism more sustainable. A guide for policy makers, Paris. Available online at http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/dtix0592xpa-tourismpolicyen.pdf
Western D, Wright RM, Strum SC (eds) (1995) Natural connections. Perspectives in community-based conservation. Island Press, Washington, DC
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (1995) Charter for sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism world conference. Available online at https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/unwtodeclarations.1995.21.13.1
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2005) Harnessing tourism for the millennium development goals. Declaration. New York, 13 September 2005. Available online at https://step.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/declaration.pdf
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2014) Glossary of tourism terms. Last update February 2014. Available online at http://statistics.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/glossaryterms.pdf
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2016) The tourism sector and the sustainable development goals. Responsible tourism, a global commitment. UNWTO, Madrid. Available online at http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/turismo_responsable_omt_acc.pdf
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2017) UNWTO tourism highlights: 2017 Edition. UNWTO, Madrid. Available online at http://mkt.unwto.org/publication/unwto-tourism-highlights
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2008) Climate change and tourism. Responding to global challenges. UNWTO/UNEP, Madrid. Available online at https://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/climate2008.pdf
World Tourism Organization and International Labour Organization (ILO) (2014) Measuring employment in the tourism industries. Guide with best practice. UNWTO, Madrid. Available online at https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284416158
World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (2009) Leading the challenge on climate change. WTTC, London. Available online at http://81.47.175.201/stodomingo/attachments/article/90/climate_change_final.pdf
World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (2018) Travel & tourism. Economic impact 2018. WTTC, London. Available online at https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2018/world2018.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Freude, T. (2019). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Decent Work and Economic Growth. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_28-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_28-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71058-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71058-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences