Definition
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, characterized by typical symptoms (dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention) and/or signs (elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary rales, and peripheral edema).
Overview
Classifications of HF
HF is classified in different ways according to its development, etiology, pathophysiology, and so on. According to the anatomical location, HF is classified as three types: left heart failure, right heart failure, and whole heart failure. Based on the course of disease, HF is divided into two types: acute heart failure and chronic heart failure and is classified systolic heart failure and diastolic heart failure according to its cardiac function.
ACCF/AHA (American College of Cardiology Foundation /American Heart...
References
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Liu, C., Dong, YG., Ou, ZJ., Ou, JS. (2020). Heart Failure. In: Gu, D., Dupre, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_1057-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_1057-1
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