Synonyms
Historical Background
Dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for many cellular activities, such as cell shape changes, cell migration, cell adhesion, and cytokinesis. The Rho family small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), including Cdc42, Rac, and Rho, regulate these actin cytoskeleton-dependent cellular activities (Takai et al. 2001; Hall 2005). In fibroblasts such as NIH 3T3 and Swiss 3T3 cells, Cdc42 regulates the formation of filopodia; Rac regulates the formation of lamellipodia and ruffles; and Rho regulates the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. Cdc42 and Rac activate the Arp2/3 complex through their respective target proteins, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)/neural (N-)WASP and WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) (Takenawa and Suetsugu 2007). The Arp2/3 complex interacts with the sides of preexisting actin filaments (F-actin) to promote actin polymerization and generate a branched F-actin network. Rho...
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Nakanishi, H., Takai, Y. (2018). Frabin. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_517
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