Skip to main content

BUBR1

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules

Synonyms

Bub1A; BUB1beta; hBUBR1; MAD3L; MVA1; SSK1

Related Molecules

APC; BUB1; CDC25; PP2A.

Historical Background

The BUB1B gene encodes the protein budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1 (BUBR1), a vital mitotic pseudokinase of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). This signaling pathway is responsible for delaying anaphase onset until all chromosome are properly attached to microtubules originating from opposing poles of the mitotic spindle, and prevents errors in chromosome segregation, which can lead to aneuploidy and chromosome instability, a pathogenic state with the potential to drive oncogenesis (Holland and Cleveland 2009; Kops et al. 2005).

Human BUBR1 was discovered through sequence-database searches in a study that aimed to identify the relationship between chromosomal instability, the SAC, and neoplasia (Cahill et al. 1998). BUBR1 is considered to be the human homolog of yeast Mitotic Arrest Deficient (MAD) 3 protein, although it was first thought to be the...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 4,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 4,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahonen LJ, Kallio MJ, Daum JR, Bolton M, Manke IA, Yaffe MB, et al. Polo-like kinase 1 creates the tension-sensing 3F3/2 phosphoepitope and modulates the association of spindle-checkpoint proteins at kinetochores. Curr Biol. 2005;15(12):1078–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buffin E, Emre D, Karess RE. Flies without a spindle checkpoint. Nat Cell Biol. 2007;9(5):565–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burton JL, Solomon MJ. Mad3p, a pseudosubstrate inhibitor of APCCdc20 in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Genes Dev. 2007;21(6):655–67.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cahill DP, Lengauer C, Yu J, Riggins GJ, Willson JKV, Markowitz SD, et al. Mutations of mitotic checkpoint genes in human cancers. Nature. 1998;392(6673):300–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan GKT, Jablonski SA, Sudakin V, Hittle JC, Yen TJ. Human Bubr1 is a mitotic checkpoint kinase that monitors Cenp-E functions at kinetochores and binds the cyclosome/APC. J Cell Biol. 1999;146(5):941–54.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheeseman IM, Chappie JS, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Desai A. The conserved KMN network constitutes the core microtubule-binding site of the kinetochore. Cell. 2006;127(5):983–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen R-H. BubR1 is essential for kinetochore localization of other spindle checkpoint proteins and its phosphorylation requires Mad1. J Cell Biol. 2002;158(3):487–96.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi E, Choe H, Min J, Choi JY, Kim J, Lee H. BubR1 acetylation at prometaphase is required for modulating APC/C activity and timing of mitosis. EMBO J. 2009;28(14):2077–89.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi E, Park P-G, Lee H, Lee Y-K, Kang GH, Lee JW, et al. BRCA2 fine-tunes the spindle assembly checkpoint through reinforcement of BubR1 acetylation. Dev Cell. 2012;22(2):295–308.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Arcy S, Davies OR, Blundell TL, Bolanos-Garcia VM. Defining the molecular basis of BubR1 kinetochore interactions and APC/C-CDC20 inhibition. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(19):14764–76.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz-Martinez LA, Tian W, Li B, Warrington R, Jia L, Brautigam CA, et al. The Cdc20-binding Phe Box of the spindle checkpoint protein BubR1 maintains the mitotic checkpoint complex during mitosis. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(4):2431–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Fiore B, Davey NE, Hagting A, Izawa D, Mansfeld J, Gibson TJ, et al. the abba motif binds apc/c activators and is shared by APC/C substrates and regulators. Dev Cell. 2015;32(3):358–72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elowe S, Dulla K, Uldschmid A, Li X, Dou Z, Nigg EA. Uncoupling of the spindle-checkpoint and chromosome-congression functions of BubR1. J Cell Sci. 2010;123(1):84–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elowe S, Hümmer S, Uldschmid A, Li X, Nigg EA. Tension-sensitive Plk1 phosphorylation on BubR1 regulates the stability of kinetochore–microtubule interactions. Genes Dev. 2007;21(17):2205–19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espert A, Uluocak P, Bastos RN, Mangat D, Graab P, Gruneberg U. PP2A-B56 opposes Mps1 phosphorylation of Knl1 and thereby promotes spindle assembly checkpoint silencing. J Cell Biol. 2014;206(7):833–42.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang G. Checkpoint protein BubR1 acts synergistically with Mad2 to inhibit anaphase-promoting complex. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13(3):755–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foley EA, Kapoor TM. Microtubule attachment and spindle assembly checkpoint signalling at the kinetochore. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2013;14(1):25–37.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han JS, Vitre B, Fachinetti D, Cleveland DW. Bimodal activation of BubR1 by Bub3 sustains mitotic checkpoint signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(40):E4185–93.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanks S, Coleman K, Reid S, Plaja A, Firth H, FitzPatrick D, et al. Constitutional aneuploidy and cancer predisposition caused by biallelic mutations in BUB1B. Nat Genet. 2004;36(11):1159–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holland AJ, Cleveland DW. Boveri revisited: chromosomal instability, aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009;10(7):478–87.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Homer H, Gui L, Carroll J. A spindle assembly checkpoint protein functions in prophase I arrest and prometaphase progression. Science. 2009;326(5955):991–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt MA, Totis L, Roberts BT. S. cerevisiae genes required for cell cycle arrest in response to loss of microtubule function. Cell. 1991;66(3):507–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang H, Hittle J, Zappacosta F, Annan RS, Hershko A, Yen TJ. Phosphorylation sites in BubR1 that regulate kinetochore attachment, tension, and mitotic exit. J Cell Biol. 2008;183(4):667–80.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iimori M, Watanabe S, Kiyonari S, Matsuoka K, Sakasai R, Saeki H, et al. Phosphorylation of EB2 by Aurora B and CDK1 ensures mitotic progression and genome stability. Nat Commun. 2016;7:11117.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jia L, Li B, Yu H. The Bub1-Plk1 kinase complex promotes spindle checkpoint signalling through Cdc20 phosphorylation. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10818.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King EMJ, van der Sar SJA, KG H. Mad3 KEN boxes mediate both Cdc20 and Mad3 turnover, and are critical for the spindle checkpoint. PLoS ONE. 2007;2(4):e342. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1829190/

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiyomitsu T, Murakami H, Yanagida M. Protein interaction domain mapping of human kinetochore protein blinkin reveals a consensus motif for binding of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins Bub1 and BubR1. Mol Cell Biol. 2011;31(5):998–1011.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiyomitsu T, Obuse C, Yanagida M. Human Blinkin/AF15q14 is required for chromosome alignment and the mitotic checkpoint through direct interaction with Bub1 and BubR1. Dev Cell. 2007;13(5):663–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kops GJPL, Foltz DR, Cleveland DW. Lethality to human cancer cells through massive chromosome loss by inhibition of the mitotic checkpoint. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101(23):8699–704.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kops GJPL, Saurin AT, Meraldi P. Finding the middle ground: how kinetochores power chromosome congression. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010;67(13):2145–61.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kops GJPL, Weaver BAA, Cleveland DW. On the road to cancer: aneuploidy and the mitotic checkpoint. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005;5(10):773–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krenn V, Overlack K, Primorac I, van Gerwen S, Musacchio A. KI motifs of human Knl1 enhance assembly of comprehensive spindle checkpoint complexes around MELT repeats. Curr Biol. 2014;24(1):29–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krenn V, Wehenkel A, Li X, Santaguida S, Musacchio A. Structural analysis reveals features of the spindle checkpoint kinase Bub1–kinetochore subunit Knl1 interaction. J Cell Biol. 2012;196(4):451–67.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse T, Zhang G, Larsen MSY, Lischetti T, Streicher W, Kragh Nielsen T, et al. Direct binding between BubR1 and B56-PP2A phosphatase complexes regulate mitotic progression. J Cell Sci. 2013;126(Pt 5):1086–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lampson MA, Kapoor TM. The human mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1 regulates chromosome–spindle attachments. Nat Cell Biol. 2005;7(1):93–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lan W, Zhang X, Kline-Smith SL, Rosasco SE, Barrett-Wilt GA, Shabanowitz J, et al. Aurora B phosphorylates centromeric MCAK and regulates its localization and microtubule depolymerization activity. Curr Biol. 2004;14(4):273–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lara-Gonzalez P, Scott MIF, Diez M, Sen O, Taylor SS. BubR1 blocks substrate recruitment to the APC/C in a KEN-box-dependent manner. J Cell Sci. 2011;124(24):4332–45.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li R, Murray AW. Feedback control of mitosis in budding yeast. Cell. 1991;66(3):519–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lischetti T, Zhang G, Sedgwick GG, Bolanos-Garcia VM, Nilsson J. The internal Cdc20 binding site in BubR1 facilitates both spindle assembly checkpoint signalling and silencing. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Vleugel M, Backer CB, Hori T, Fukagawa T, Cheeseman IM, et al. Regulated targeting of protein phosphatase 1 to the outer kinetochore by KNL1 opposes Aurora B kinase. J Cell Biol. 2010;188(6):809–20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malmanche N, Owen S, Gegick S, Steffensen S, Tomkiel JE, Sunkel CE. Drosophila BubR1 is essential for meiotic sister-chromatid cohesion and maintenance of synaptonemal complex. Curr Biol. 2007;17(17):1489–97.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malureanu LA, Jeganathan KB, Hamada M, Wasilewski L, Davenport J, van Deursen JM. BubR1 N terminus acts as a soluble inhibitor of cyclin B degradation by APC/C(Cdc20) in interphase. Dev Cell. 2009;16(1):118–31.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao Y, Abrieu A, Cleveland DW. Activating and silencing the mitotic checkpoint through CENP-E-dependent activation/inactivation of BubR1. Cell. 2003;114(1):87–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumura S, Toyoshima F, Nishida E. Polo-like Kinase 1 facilitates chromosome alignment during prometaphase through BubR1. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(20):15217–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuura S, Matsumoto Y, Morishima K, Izumi H, Matsumoto H, Ito E, et al. Monoallelic BUB1B mutations and defective mitotic-spindle checkpoint in seven families with premature chromatid separation (PCS) syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2006;140A(4):358–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meraldi P, Draviam VM, Sorger PK. Timing and checkpoints in the regulation of mitotic progression. Dev Cell. 2004;7(1):45–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray AW. Don’t make me mad, Bub! Dev. Cell. 2012;22(6):1123–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musacchio A, Salmon ED. The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8(5):379–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicklas RB, Ward SC, Gorbsky GJ. Kinetochore chemistry is sensitive to tension and may link mitotic forces to a cell cycle checkpoint. J Cell Biol. 1995;130(4):929–39.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nijenhuis W, Vallardi G, Teixeira A, Kops GJPL, Saurin AT. Negative feedback at kinetochores underlies a responsive spindle checkpoint signal. Nat Cell Biol. 2014;16(12):1257–64.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Overlack K, Primorac I, Vleugel M, Krenn V, Maffini S, Hoffmann I, et al. A molecular basis for the differential roles of Bub1 and BubR1 in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Elife. 2015;4:e05269.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Park I, Lee H, Choi E, Lee Y-K, Kwon M-S, Min J, et al. Loss of BubR1 acetylation causes defects in spindle assembly checkpoint signaling and promotes tumor formation. J Cell Biol. 2013;202(2):295–309.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Primorac I, Weir JR, Chiroli E, Gross F, Hoffmann I, Gerwen S v, et al. Bub3 reads phosphorylated MELT repeats to promote spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. Elife. 2013;2:e01030.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmani Z, Gagou ME, Lefebvre C, Emre D, Karess RE. Separating the spindle, checkpoint, and timer functions of BubR1. J Cell Biol. 2009;187(5):597–605.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rancati G, Crispo V, Lucchini G, Piatti S. Mad3/BubR1 phosphorylation during spindle checkpoint activation depends on both polo and aurora kinases in budding yeast. Cell Cycle. 2005;4(7):972–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sudakin V, Chan GK, Yen TJ. Checkpoint inhibition of the APC/C in HeLa cells is mediated by a complex of BUBR1, BUB3, CDC20, and MAD2. J Cell Biol. 2001;154(5):925–36.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suijkerbuijk SJE, van Osch MHJ, Bos FL, Hanks S, Rahman N, Kops GJPL. Molecular causes for BUBR1 dysfunction in the human cancer predisposition syndrome mosaic variegated aneuploidy. Cancer Res. 2010;70(12):4891–900.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suijkerbuijk SJE, van Dam TJP, Karagöz GE, von Castelmur E, Hubner NC, Duarte AMS, et al. The vertebrate mitotic checkpoint protein BUBR1 is an unusual pseudokinase. Dev Cell. 2012a;22(6):1321–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suijkerbuijk SJE, Vleugel M, Teixeira A, Kops GJPL. Integration of kinase and phosphatase activities by BUBR1 ensures formation of stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Dev Cell. 2012b;23(4):745–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang Z, Bharadwaj R, Li B, Yu H. Mad2-Independent inhibition of APCCdc20 by the mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1. Dev Cell. 2001;1(2):227–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SS, Ha E, McKeon F. The Human homologue of Bub3 is required for kinetochore localization of Bub1 and a Mad3/Bub1-related protein kinase. J Cell Biol. 1998;142(1):1–11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Touati SA, Buffin E, Cladière D, Hached K, Rachez C, van Deursen JM, et al. Mouse oocytes depend on BubR1 for proper chromosome segregation but not for prophase I arrest. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6946.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vleugel M, Hoogendoorn E, Snel B, Kops GJPL. Evolution and function of the mitotic checkpoint. Dev Cell. 2012;23(2):239–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vleugel M, Tromer E, Omerzu M, Groenewold V, Nijenhuis W, Snel B, et al. Arrayed BUB recruitment modules in the kinetochore scaffold KNL1 promote accurate chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol. 2013;203(6):943–55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Wang Z, Yu T, Yang H, Virshup DM, Kops GJPL, et al. Crystal structure of a PP2A B56-BubR1 complex and its implications for PP2A substrate recruitment and localization. Protein Cell. 2016;7(7):516–26.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei L, Liang X-W, Zhang Q-H, Li M, Yuan J, Li S, et al. BubR1 is a spindle assembly checkpoint protein regulating meiotic cell cycle progression of mouse oocyte. Cell Cycle. 2010;9(6):1112–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welburn JPI, Vleugel M, Liu D, Yates JR, Lampson MA, Fukagawa T, et al. Aurora B phosphorylates spatially distinct targets to differentially regulate the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Mol Cell. 2010;38(3):383–92.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong OK, Fang G. Cdk1 phosphorylation of BubR1 controls spindle checkpoint arrest and Plk1-mediated formation of the 3F3/2 epitope. J Cell Biol. 2007;179(4):611–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu P, Raetz EA, Kitagawa M, Virshup DM, Lee SH. BUBR1 recruits PP2A via the B56 family of targeting subunits to promote chromosome congression. Biol Open 2013;2(5):479–486.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Hu L, Chen C, Yu J, O’Connell CB, Khodjakov A, et al. BubR1 is modified by sumoylation during mitotic progression. J Biol Chem. 2012a;287(7):4875–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Huang Y, Dai W. Sumoylated BubR1 plays an important role in chromosome segregation and mitotic timing. Cell Cycle. 2012b;11(4):797–806.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yekezare M, Pines J. Escaping the firing squad: acetylation of BubR1 protects it from degradation in checkpoint cells. EMBO J. 2009;28(14):1991–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sabine Elowe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Braga, L.G., Elowe, S. (2018). BUBR1. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101975

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics