Synonyms
Historical Background
Innate immunity sets in evolution as the earliest line of defense against pathogens. Endowed with pivotal roles in activation and orientation of the adaptive immune response, this ancient system is deeply involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes, ranging from tissue homeostasis to cancer growth and development. Innate immunity comprises a cellular and humoral arm, the latter encompassing soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) that recognize pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively) and initiate the immune response in coordination with the cellular arm (Bottazzi et al. 2010). Pentraxins are a phylogenetically conserved superfamily of soluble PRMs that, based on primary structure, is divided into two subfamilies: short and long pentraxins. Prototypes of the short pentraxins, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid P (SAP) component...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bonavita E, Gentile S, Rubino M, Maina V, Papait R, Kunderfranco P, et al. PTX3 is an extrinsic oncosuppressor regulating complement-dependent inflammation in cancer. Cell. 2015;160(4):700–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.004.
Bottazzi B, Doni A, Garlanda C, Mantovani A. An integrated view of humoral innate immunity: pentraxins as a paradigm. Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:157–83. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101305.
Bozza S, Bistoni F, Gaziano R, Pitzurra L, Zelante T, Bonifazi P, et al. Pentraxin 3 protects from MCMV infection and reactivation through TLR sensing pathways leading to IRF3 activation. Blood. 2006;108(10):3387–96. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-03-009266.
Deban L, Russo RC, Sironi M, Moalli F, Scanziani M, Zambelli V, et al. Regulation of leukocyte recruitment by the long pentraxin PTX3. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(4):328–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1854.
Doni A, Garlanda C, Bottazzi B, Meri S, Garred P, Mantovani A. Interactions of the humoral pattern recognition molecule PTX3 with the complement system. Immunobiology. 2012;217(11):1122–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2012.07.004.
Doni A, Musso T, Morone D, Bastone A, Zambelli V, Sironi M, et al. An acidic microenvironment sets the humoral pattern recognition molecule PTX3 in a tissue repair mode. J Exp Med. 2015;212(6):905–25. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20141268.
Foo SS, Chen W, Taylor A, Sheng KC, Yu X, Teng TS, et al. Role of pentraxin 3 in shaping arthritogenic alphaviral disease: from enhanced viral replication to immunomodulation. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11(2):e1004649. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004649.
Garlanda C, Hirsch E, Bozza S, Salustri A, De Acetis M, Nota R, et al. Non-redundant role of the long pentraxin PTX3 in anti-fungal innate immune response. Nature. 2002;420(6912):182–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01195.
Garlanda C, Jaillon S, Doni A, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A. PTX3, a humoral pattern recognition molecule at the interface between microbe and matrix recognition. Curr Opin Immunol. 2016;38:39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2015.11.002.
Infante M, Allavena P, Garlanda C, Nebuloni M, Morenghi E, Rahal D, et al. Prognostic and diagnostic potential of local and circulating levels of pentraxin 3 in lung cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2016;138(4):983–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29822.
Inforzato A, Baldock C, Jowitt TA, Holmes DF, Lindstedt R, Marcellini M, et al. The angiogenic inhibitor long pentraxin PTX3 forms an asymmetric octamer with two binding sites for FGF2. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(23):17681–92. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.085639.
Inforzato A, Jaillon S, Moalli F, Barbati E, Bonavita E, Bottazzi B, et al. The long pentraxin PTX3 at the crossroads between innate immunity and tissue remodelling. Tissue Antigens. 2011;77(4):271–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01645.x.
Inforzato A, Reading PC, Barbati E, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Mantovani A. The “sweet” side of a long pentraxin: how glycosylation affects PTX3 functions in innate immunity and inflammation. Front Immunol. 2013;3:407. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00407.
Jaillon S, Peri G, Delneste Y, Frémaux I, Doni A, Moalli F, et al. The humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules and localizes in extracellular traps. J Exp Med. 2007;204(4):793–804. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20061301.
Jeannin P, Bottazzi B, Sironi M, Doni A, Rusnati M, Presta M, et al. Complexity and complementarity of outer membrane protein A recognition by cellular and humoral innate immunity receptors. Immunity. 2005;22(5):551–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2005.03.008.
Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F. Cancer-related inflammation. Nature. 2008;454(7203):436–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07205.
Moalli F, Doni A, Deban L, Zelante T, Zagarella S, Bottazzi B, et al. Role of complement and Fc{gamma} receptors in the protective activity of the long pentraxin PTX3 against Aspergillus fumigatus. Blood. 2010;116(24):5170–80. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-12-258376.
Reading PC, Bozza S, Gilbertson B, Tate M, Moretti S, Job ER, et al. Antiviral activity of the long chain pentraxin PTX3 against influenza viruses. J Immunol. 2008;180(5):3391–8. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3391.
Ronca R, Giacomini A, Di Salle E, Coltrini D, Pagano K, Ragona L, et al. Long-pentraxin 3 derivative as a small-molecule FGF trap for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell. 2015;28(2):225–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.002.
Salio M, Chimenti S, De Angelis N, Molla F, Maina V, Nebuloni M, et al. Cardioprotective function of the long pentraxin PTX3 in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;117(8):1055–64. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.749234.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Parente, R., Bottazzi, B., Mantovani, A., Inforzato, A. (2018). PTX3. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101746
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101746
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67198-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67199-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences