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Handbook of Immunosenescence pp 1–31Cite as

Atherosclerosis: An Age-Dependent Autoimmune Disease

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Abstract

Age-dependent diseases are exponentially increasing due to the improvement of socio-economical perspective and the rapid increase of life expectancy in Western countries. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the biggest cause of deaths worldwide. Among them, atherosclerosis is the most important representative leading to the known severe sequelae, i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial occlusion. Evidence for an (auto)antigen-driven process at these sites of inflammation became available only recently. During the last decades, efforts have been done to identify exogenous and/or autologous antigens that may induce local cardiovascular immune reactions. Among them, the main candidates for such antigens are oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Risk factors for CVDs (i.e., cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, elevated lipid levels, and chronic infections) induce HSP60 and adhesion molecule expression in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), initiating the first inflammatory events. This chapter summarizes the involvment of innate and adpative immunity in atherosclerosis focusing on HSP60. Moreover, a scenario on the potential development of HSP60-based vaccines against atherosclerosis is also shown.

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Acknowledgment

The work by the authors has been supported by the European Union projects Molecular Basis of Vascular Events Leading to Thrombotic Stroke (MOLSTROKE; LSHM-CT-2004-005206), European Vascular Genomics Network (EVGN; LSHM-CT-2003-503254), and Novel approaches to reconstitute normal immune function at old age (TOLERAGE; HEALTH-F4-2008-202156), The Austrian Research Fund (FWF, Project Number 198810-MED), Propter Homines Foundation, Vaduz, FL, and the Lore and Udo Saldow Donation.

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  1. Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    B. Henderson, A. Rossmann, G. Cappellano, B. Jakic, M. Buszko, Ch. Mayerl & G. Wick

  2. Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    M. Wick

  3. Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Ch. Mayerl

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Correspondence to G. Wick .

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  1. Division of Geriatrics Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke Dept. of Medicine, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

  2. Dept of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Claudio Franceschi

  3. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Graham Pawelec

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  1. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

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Henderson, B. et al. (2018). Atherosclerosis: An Age-Dependent Autoimmune Disease. In: Fulop, T., Franceschi, C., Hirokawa, K., Pawelec, G. (eds) Handbook of Immunosenescence. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64597-1_53-1

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