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Magnetoencephalography pp 1–20Cite as

Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Cerebrovascular Risk: Advantages of Dynamic Imaging with MEG

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Abstract

Recent studies examining Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging have noted a strong association between cerebrovascular risk and cognitive decline and suggest that AD may in part be attributed to vascular insufficiency. Based on our recent results, we suggest that cognitive decline associated with cerebrovascular pathology should be characterized and if possible separated from neurodegeneration caused by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (i.e., traditional AD-related pathology) since the progression of cerebrovascular pathology can be stopped or slowed down. Furthermore, because cerebrovascular pathology (e.g., hypertension and type 2 diabetes) coexists in most AD patients, neuroimaging techniques dependent on “uncompromised” neurovascular coupling (e.g., fMRI) will have more potential confounds to deal with in this area of study, in addition to difficulties associated with being an indirect measure of neural activity. We assert that functional measures (e.g., dynamic cortical networks, oscillatory activity, and cross-frequency coupling), as opposed to structural measures (e.g., diffusion tensor imaging – DTI), will enable earlier diagnosis of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and that MEG in particular can make important contributions to this field. A new potential area of study that relates MEG single-trial results to models of diffusion parameters in extracellular space is introduced.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, award number R01 AG029495. This work was also supported in part by: (1) National Institute of General Medical Sciences 2P20GM103472-06; (2) National Institute on Aging award number R01AG020302; (3) the Radiology Department at UNM SOM; and (4) the New Mexico VA Healthcare System. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes on Aging or the National Institutes of Health. We thank Selma Supek for her insightful comments on an earlier version of this commentary.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Cheryl J. Aine & Lori Sanfratello

  2. The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Cheryl J. Aine, Lori Sanfratello & Julia M. Stephen

  3. Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    John C. Adair

  4. Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Janice E. Knoefel

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  1. Cheryl J. Aine
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Correspondence to Cheryl J. Aine .

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  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Selma Supek

  2. Reno, NV, USA

    Cheryl J. Aine

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  1. The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Julia M. Stephen

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Aine, C.J., Adair, J.C., Knoefel, J.E., Sanfratello, L., Stephen, J.M. (2019). Cognitive Decline Associated with Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Cerebrovascular Risk: Advantages of Dynamic Imaging with MEG. In: Supek, S., Aine, C. (eds) Magnetoencephalography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62657-4_31-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62657-4_31-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62657-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62657-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

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