Skip to main content

A Conceptual Overview of Drugging: It’s Not What You Think

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan

Abstract

Drugging, defined as administering a drug or alcohol to someone without their knowledge or consent, has increasingly gained attention in recent years. Heightened public awareness of drugging stems from media reports of drugging incidents (e.g., Bill Cosby), campus-based “watch your drink” campaigns, and products, such as straws and “sip chips,” that purportedly detect the presence of drugs in beverages. Yet, despite the potentially serious harms of drugging, until recently, there was very little empirical data on the topic. This chapter reviews the state of the literature on drugging, beginning with estimates of the prevalence of drugging victimization, drug-facilitated sexual assault, and perpetration, as well as types of drugs used to drug others. Next, theoretical frameworks for drugging are presented, including the interpersonal violence, theory of coercive action, coercive control, and bodily integrity frameworks. What is known about drugging victims and their experiences are discussed next. Then, we contrast two different approaches to drugging, one taking a more skeptical view – the social constructionist approach – and the other, risk mitigation approach, arguing that drugging is real and not uncommon, particularly for young people participating in the nighttime economy of college life and the bar and party scene. We end with recommendations for intervention and prevention.

This chapter was initially published with an incorrect copyright holder name. It has been corrected to © Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, L. J., Flynn, A., & Pilgrim, J. L. (2017). A global epidemiological perspective on the toxicology of drug-facilitated sexual assault: A systematic review. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 47, 46–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aronofsky, D. (Director). (2010). Black Swan. [Film]. Fox Searchlight Pictures.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., & Plante, E. G. (2007). Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: An experimental evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(4), 463–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbaro, L., & Raghavan, C. (2018). Patterns in coercive controlling behaviors among men mandated for batterer treatment: Denial, minimization, and consistency of tactics across relationships. Partner Abuse, 9(3), 270–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, C. J., & Raghavan, C. (2010). Intimate partner abuse screening in custody mediation: The importance of assessing coercive control. Family Court Review, 48(3), 555–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benyon, C. M., McVeigh, C., McVeigh, J., Leavey, C., & Bellis, M. A. (2008). The involvement of drugs and alcohol in drug-facilitated sexual assault: A systematic review of the evidence. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 9(3), 178–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosson, J., Kuchynka, S. L., Parrott, D. J., Swan, S. C., & Schramm, A. T. (2019). Injunctive norms, sexism, and misogyny network activation among men. Psychology of Men & Masculinities. Advance online publication. https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fmen0000217

  • Burgess, A., Donovan, P., & Moore, S. E. (2009). Embodying uncertainty? Understanding heightened risk perception of drink ‘spiking’. The British Journal of Criminology, 49(6), 848–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coker, A. L., & Bush, H. M. (2015). Multi college bystander efficacy evaluation: Bystander program adoption & efficacy to reduce sexual violence-intimate partner violence in college communities. Annual report for Cooperative Agreement U01CE002668, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coker, A. L., Bush, H. M., Fisher, B. S., Swan, S. C., Williams, C. M., Clear, E. R., & DeGue, S. (2016). Multi-college bystander intervention evaluation for violence prevention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 50(3), 295–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colyer, C. J., & Weiss, K. G. (2018). Contextualizing the drink-spiking narrative that “everyone knows”. Criminal Justice Review, 43, 10–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, P. (2016). Who and where are the druggers? In Drink spiking and predatory drugging (pp. 173–214). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, M. A., & Goodman, L. A. (2005). Coercion in intimate partner violence: Toward a new conceptualization. Sex Roles, 52(11–12), 743–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, B. S., Peterson, S., Cantor, D., Townsend, R., & Sun, H. (2016). Characteristics of nonconsensual sexual contact incidents: Penetration and sexual touching by force or while incapacitated. Rockville: Westat. Retrieved from https://www.aau.edu/sites/default/files/%40%20Files/Climate%20Survey/Characteristics-of-Nonconsensual-Sexual-Contact.pdf

  • Graham, K., Bernards, S., Osgood, D. W., Parks, M., Abbey, A., Felson, R. B., … Wells, S. (2013). Apparent motives for aggression in the social context of the bar. Psychology of Violence, 3(3), 218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamby, S. (2017). On defining violence, and why it matters. Psychology of Violence, 7, 167–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Ruggiero, K. J., Conoscenti, L. M., & McCauley, J. (2007). Drug-facilitated, incapacitated, and forcible rape: A national study. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/219181.pdf

  • Kleinsasser, A., Jouriles, E. N., McDonald, R., & Rosenfield, D. (2015). An online bystander intervention program for the prevention of sexual violence. Psychology of Violence, 5(3), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, C. P., Lindquist, C. H., Warner, T. D., Fisher, B. S., & Martin, S. L. (2007). The campus sexual assault (CSA) study: Final report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, C. P., Lindquist, C. H., & Barrick, K. (2010). The historically black college and university campus sexual assault (HBCU-CSA) study: Final report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lasky, N. V., Fisher, B. S., Henriksen, C. B., & Swan, S. C. (2017). Binge drinking, Greek life membership, and first-year undergraduates: The “perfect storm” for drugging victimization. Journal of School Violence, 16, 173–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lasky, N. V., Fisher, B. S., & Swan, S. C. (2018). Doing things differently: Exploring drugging victims’ behavioral changes and risk of recurring victimization. Criminal Justice Review, 43, 75–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loveland, J. E., & Raghavan, C. (2017). Coercive control, physical violence, and masculinity. Violence & Gender, 4(1), 5–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madea, B., & Musshoff, F. (2009). Knock-out drugs: Their prevalence, modes of action, and means of detection. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 106, 341–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallenbaum, C., Ryan, P., & Puente, M. (2018). A complete list of the 60 Bill Cosby accusers and their reactions to his prison sentence. usatoday.com. https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/04/27/bill-cosby-full-list-accusers/555144002/

  • McPherson, B. A. (2007). Drink spiking: An investigation of its occurrence and predictors of perpetration and victimization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, RMIT University, Melbourne. Retrieved from http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:9780/McPherson.pdf

  • Mill, J. S. (1905). On liberty. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (Australia). (2004). The National Drug Strategy: Australia’s integrated framework 2004–2009. Canberra: Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, C. L. (1990). Woman, womb, and bodily integrity. Yale Journal of Law & Feminism, 3, 327–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan, C., & Cohen, S. J. (Eds.). (2013). Domestic violence: Methodologies in dialogue. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, A. T., Swan, S. C., Lambdin, M. N., Fisher, B. S., Coker, A. L., & Williams, C. M. (2018). Prevalence and risk of drugging victimization among sexual minority and heterosexual college students. Criminal Justice Review, 43, 45–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SipChip Drink Spiking Test for Date Rape Drug Detection. (2019). Retrieved December 15, 2019, from https://www.undercovercolors.com/

  • Stark, E. (2007). Coercive control. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D. (2006). A comparison of sexual coercion experiences reported by men and women in prison. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(12), 1591–1615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Quality and Statistics. (2013, October 3). The DAWN report: Update on drug-related emergency department visits attributed to intentional poisoning: 2011. Rockville. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/DAWN149/DAWN149/sr149-intentional-poisoning-2013.htm#footnote6

  • Swan, S. C., Lasky, N. V., Fisher, B. S., Woodbrown, V. D., Bonsu, J. E., Schramm, A. T., Warren, P. R., Coker, A. L., & Williams, C. M. (2017). Just a dare or unaware? Outcomes and motives of drugging (“drink spiking”) on three college campuses. Psychology of Violence, 7, 253–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swan, S. C., Lasky, N. V., & Fisher, B.S. (2020). Qualitative interviews with individuals with personal experiences of drugging. Unpublished raw data.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tedeschi, J. T., & Felson, R. B. (1994). Violence, aggression, and coercive actions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • The DAWN report: Update on drug-related emergency department visits attributed to intentional poisoning: 2011. (2014, April 29). Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/dawn-report-update-drug-related-emergency-department-visits-attributed-intentional-poisoning

  • Tiemensma, M., & Davies, B. (2018). Investigating drug-facilitated sexual assault at a dedicated forensic centre in Cape Town, South Africa. Forensic Science International, 288, 115–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turrisi, R., Mallett, K. A., Mastroleo, N. R., & Larimer, M. E. (2006). Heavy drinking in college students: Who is at risk and what is being done about it? The Journal of General Psychology, 133(4), 401–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, T. D., Allen, C. A., Fisher, B. S., Krebs, C. P., Martin, S., & Lindquist, C. H. (2018). Individual, behavioral, and situational correlates of the drugging victimization experiences of college women. Criminal Justice Review, 43, 23–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, K. G., & Colyer, C. J. (2010). Roofies, mickies and cautionary tales: Examining the persistence of the “date-rape drug” crime narrative. Deviant Behavior, 31, 348–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suzanne C. Swan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Swan, S.C., Pomerantz, J.B., Fisher, B.S., Lasky, N.V. (2020). A Conceptual Overview of Drugging: It’s Not What You Think. In: Geffner, R., White, J.W., Hamberger, L.K., Rosenbaum, A., Vaughan-Eden, V., Vieth, V.I. (eds) Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_311-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_311-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62122-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62122-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics