Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to review the most common congenital brain malformations encountered in clinical neuroradiology. Basic concepts of central nervous system embryology are discussed and facilitate understanding of brain developmental malformations. Many disorders will be first identified using ultrasonography during pregnancy but can be better depicted after birth using MRI. Familiarity with the classic neuroimaging findings of supra- and infratentorial congenital disorders is essential for accurate diagnosis. Congenital brain malformations include malformations of dorsal and ventral induction, which represent anomalies before and following neural tube closure. A malformation before neural tube closure results in catastrophic damage to the brain or congenital encephaloceles. The prototypical anomaly of ventral induction malformations is holoprosencephaly. A discussion of congenital malformations always includes corpus callosum anomalies evaluated best on sagittal midline images. Malformations of cerebral cortical development may include abnormalities of proliferation, migration, or cortical organization. There are several characteristic congenital abnormalities in the posterior fossa, and the discussion will include the Chiari malformations.
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Abbreviations
- CC:
-
Corpus callosum
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- DTI:
-
Diffusion tensor imaging
- FCD:
-
Focal cortical dysplasia
- PVH:
-
Periventricular heterotopia
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Kontzialis, M., Choudhri, A.F., Huisman, T.A.G.M. (2019). Brain Developmental Malformations. In: Barkhof, F., Jager, R., Thurnher, M., Rovira Cañellas, A. (eds) Clinical Neuroradiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61423-6_29-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61423-6_29-2
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