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Handbook of Environmental Materials Management pp 1–47Cite as

Actinide Speciation in Environment and Their Separation Using Functionalized Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites

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Abstract

Actinides are the major and most important environmental contaminants associated with anthropogenic activities such as mining and milling of uranium ores, and generation of nuclear energy resulting in the production of nuclear reactor wastes. These actinides have greater migrating ability in aquifer systems. But actinides in aqueous environment exhibit an inordinately complex chemistry. As a result, the chemical interactions of actinides in the environment are difficult to understand unless a detailed knowledge on their chemical speciation, oxidation state, redox reactions, sorption characteristics, temperature and pressure profiles, pH, and redox potential (Eh) is available. The solubility and migration behavior are also related to these factors. To predict how an actinide might spread through the environment and how fast that transport might occur, we need to characterize all local conditions, including the nature of site-specific minerals, and ligand concentrations. A quantitative knowledge of the competing geochemical processes that affect the actinide’s behavior is also mandatory. Once actinides enter the environment; they pose major risk and hence safe management of radioactive waste with minimum impact to environment gains major importance in addition to speciation of actinides in environment. The major aim of radioactive waste management is to identify the chemical form of long-lived alpha-emitting radionuclide species spread in the environment and to separate them. Functional nonmaterial has gained wide attention and its increasing advancements in multidisciplinary research will make it a good candidate for separation of radionuclides. It is mainly because of their unique structure and exceptional properties. In this chapter, we discuss in detail the basic research progress in the speciation studies and separation of actinides in environment with the emphasis on application of functionalized nanomaterials and nanocomposites for the separation of radionuclides from the environment.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, TN, India

    N. Priyadarshini

  2. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, TN, India

    K. Benadict Rakesh & P. Ilaiyaraja

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  1. Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey InstTech, 151 D Tiernan-NJIT Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

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    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Ph. D

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Priyadarshini, N., Rakesh, K.B., Ilaiyaraja, P. (2018). Actinide Speciation in Environment and Their Separation Using Functionalized Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_143-1

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