Design and Development of Ergonomic Workstation for Pregnant Workers in Readymade Garment Industry

Abstract

Fashion has, in its own way been a major agent of change in today’s world. The feminization of the labor force in the garment manufacturing setups also covets for the change in the areas of workplace safety, gender empowerment and equality. With such a large number of female apparel workers of mid-age who may become pregnant, a realistic recognition of the unique needs of the pregnant worker is beginning to emerge. This research explores the problems faced by the pregnant workers and identifies the problem areas as large abdomen causing progressive postural problems, backache, impairment of dexterity, agility, coordination and balance. Interviews with expectant workers led to a realization that majority want to work till their third trimester. They work continuously for around 4 hours a day. Most felt fatigue after 1–2 hours of working. Nordic Discomfort Questionnaire analysis resulted in high discomfort scores in lower back, foot, upper back and shoulder in the descending order. REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) established that pregnant workers for operations of inspection, thread trimming and packaging are under very high risk and need change in workstation from standing to sitting. Work stations designed for them, have a table with a 10° inclination and an oval cut in front to accommodate the abdomen and a chair with rocking base having shin support. Both were found comfortable by workers.