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MicroRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome

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  • First Online:
Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics

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Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) corresponds to a cluster of several risk factors that increase the risk of other health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The combinatorial nature of MetS makes its etiology complex as it is determined by the interplay of both genetic and environmental factors like nutrition or physical activity. Accordingly, intricate regulatory networks have evolved to respond to changes in environmental conditions and physiological stress. In the search for key molecular pathways that could elucidate the complex physiopathology of MetS, as well as serve as therapeutic tools, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as attractive molecules, given their role as important components of complex gene regulatory networks. MiRNAs typically control the expression of their target genes by imperfect base pairing to the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR) of their messenger RNAs (mRNAs) targets. Currently, several aspects of the miRNA biogenic process are known in detail, as well as the translational repression mechanisms exerted by miRNAs on their target mRNAs. The number of studies associating miRNAs with the metabolic risk factors of MetS is increasing; however, few studies directly relate miRNAs to a well-defined model of MetS. There is no doubt that miRNAs play an important role in the development of individual components of MetS; however, our understanding of their function during the different combinatorial modalities of MetS is poor. In this chapter, we review several of the studies investigating the relationship between miRNA dysfunction and MetS. We discuss the role of nutrition and genetic in the modulation of miRNAs activities and how our dietary behavior can have profound consequences in the metabolic health of our progeny.

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Abbreviations

3′UTR:

3′ untranslated region

HFD:

High-fat diet

messenger RNAs:

mRNAs

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

miRISC:

miRNA-induced silencing complex

miRNAs:

microRNAs

MRE:

miRNA recognition element

NAFLD:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

T2DM:

Type-2 diabetes mellitus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CARE UC Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Juan Francisco Codocedo & Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

  2. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

  3. Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile

    Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

Authors
  1. Juan Francisco Codocedo
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Correspondence to Nibaldo C. Inestrosa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Codocedo, J.F., Inestrosa, N.C. (2019). MicroRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_97

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55530-0_97

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