Abstract
Adhesive joints with structural adhesives are weakened significantly in air at high humidity, and the rate of decline is controlled by water diffusion into the adhesive. There appears, however, to be a critical relative humidity, and only if this is exceeded are joints significantly weakened; evidence is that this is about 65%. The most harmful effect of water is potentially at the interface between the adhesive and adherend; however, surface treatment of metallic adherends can much improve water durability. Accelerated aging using elevated temperatures and humidities can provide information on the environmental resistance of different systems but does not easily correlate to aging in natural conditions. The entry of water into the adhesive layer can conform to the simple Fickian model, which just depends on two parameters (diffusion coefficient and solubility coefficient), but in some cases it is non-Fickian. Current state-of-the-art environmental degradation modeling of bonded joints involves multi-physics finite element analysis combined with progressive damage modeling. Essentially, this involves three main steps. The first step is modeling moisture transport through the joint in order to determine the moisture concentration distribution in the joint as a function of time. The second step involves evaluation of the transient mechanical-hygrothermal stress-strain state resulting from the combined effects of hygrothermal effects and applied loads. The final step involves incorporation of damage processes in order to model the progressive failure of the joint and hence enable the residual strength or lifetime of a joint to be predicted.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdel Wahab MM, Ashcroft IA et al (2001) J Adhes 77:43
Armstrong KB (1997) Int J Adhes Adhes 17:89
Ashcroft IA, Digby RP et al (2001) J Adhes 75:175
Barbosa AQ, da Silva LFM et al (2015) J Adhes Sci Technol 29:1714
Berens AR, Hopfenberg HB (1978) Polymer 19:489
Brewis DM (1983) In: Kinloch AJ (ed) Durability of structural adhesives. Applied Science Publishers, London, p 215. Chapter 5
Brewis DM, Comyn J et al (1980a) Polymer 21:1477
Brewis DM, Comyn J et al (1980b) Int J Adhes Adhes 1:35
Brewis DM, Comyn J et al (1980c) Polymer 21:134
Brewis DM, Comyn J et al (1981) Poly Engg Sci 21:797
Brewis DM, Comyn J et al (1987) Int J Adhes Adhes 7:30
Brewis DM, Comyn J et al (1990) Int J Adhes Adhes 10:247
Briskham P, Smith G (2000) Int J Adhes Adhes 20:33
Brockmann W (1983) In: Kinloch AJ (ed) Durability of structural adhesives. Applied Science Publishers, London, p 281. Chapter 7
Butt RI, Cotter JL (1976) J Adhes 8:11
Carter FG, Kibler KG (1978) J Compos Mater 12:118
Comyn J (1983) In: Kinloch AJ (ed) Durability of structural adhesives. Applied Science Publishers, London, p 85. Chapter 3
Comyn J (2005) In: Adams RD (ed) Adhesive bonding: science, technology and applications. Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, UK, p 123. Chapter 6
Comyn J, Brewis DM et al (1987) J Adhes 21:59
Crank J (1975) The mathematics of diffusion. Oxford Science Publications, Oxford
Critchlow GW, Brewis DM (1995) Int J Adhes Adhes 15:161
Critchlow GW, Brewis DM (1996) Int J Adhes Adhes 16:255
Critchlow GW, Ashcroft IA et al (2006) Anodising aluminium alloy, United Kingdom: Patent No GB 3421959A
Crocombe AD, Ashcroft IA et al (2008) In: da Silva LFM, Ochsner A (eds) Modelling of adhesively bonded joints. Springer, Berlin, p 225. Chapter 8
Davis RE, Fay PA (1993) Int J Adhes Adhes 13:97
Fay PA, Maddison A (1990) Int J Adhes Adhes 10:179
Fernandes RL, de Moura MFSF et al (2016) Int J Adhes Adhes 68:30
Gledhill RA, Kinloch AJ (1974) J Adhes 6:315
Gledhill RA, Kinloch AJ et al (1980) J Adhes 11:3
Gurson AL (1977) J Eng Mater Technol. Trans ASME 99:2
Han X, Crocombe AD et al (2014) J Adhes 90:420
Heshmati M, Haghani R et al (2016) Compos Part B 92:447
Hua Y, Crocombe AD et al (2007) J Adhes Sci Technol 21:179
Jumbo FS (2007) Modelling residual stresses and environmental degradation in adhesively bonded joints. PhD thesis, Loughborough University, Loughborough
Kinloch AJ (ed) (1983) Durability of structural adhesives. Applied Science Publishers, London
Korta J, Mlyniec A et al (2015) Compos Part B 79:621
Krishnan P, Abdul Majid MS et al (2016) Compos Struct 148:1
Liljedahl CDM, Crocombe AD et al (2005) J Adhes Sci Technol 19:525
Liljedahl CDM, Crocombe AD et al (2007) Int J Adhes Adhes 27:505
Liu S, Cheng X et al (2016) Compos Part B 91:431
Loh WK, Crocombe AD et al (2003) J Adhes 79:1135
Loh WK, Crocombe AD et al (2005) Int J Adhes Adhes 25:1
Mahoon A (1983) In: Kinloch AJ (ed) Durability of structural adhesives. Applied Science Publishers, London, p 255. Chapter 6
Minford JD (1983) In: Kinloch AJ (ed) Durability of structural adhesives. Applied Science Publishers, London, p 135. Chapter 4
Mubashar A, Ashcroft IA et al (2009a) J Adhes 85:711
Mubashar A, Ashcroft IA et al (2009b) Int J Adhes Adhes 29:751
Mubashar A, Ashcroft IA et al (2011) Eng Fract Mech 78:2746
Needleman A, Tvergaard V (1984) J Mech Phys Solids 32:461
Parker BM (1988) J Adhes 26:131
Sadigh S, Ali M (2016) J Fail Anal Prev 16:1134
Viana G, Costa M et al (2016a) J Adhes 93:95
Viana G, Costa M et al (2016b) Proc I Mech E Part L 0:1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Ashcroft, I.A., Comyn, J., Mubashar, A. (2018). Effect of Water and Mechanical Stress on Durability. In: da Silva, L., Öchsner, A., Adams, R. (eds) Handbook of Adhesion Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55411-2_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55411-2_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55410-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-55411-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering