Abstract
Spatial planning (SP) is an essential element to reduce disaster risk, especially in rapidly urbanizing countries with high social vulnerability such as Indonesia. While the Indonesian government has substantially progressed with the integration of SP into development, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) have not been specifically addressed at the same level. Integrating DRR and CCA with SP is very important to lay a foundation for long-term, forward-looking risk reduction, primarily through reducing exposure to natural hazards. There are, however, only few studies that have discussed the integration of DRR and CCA into SP in Indonesia.
This chapter addresses this gap and aims to explore the progress and challenges for integrating CCA and CCA into SP in Indonesia. The specific objectives of this chapter are threefold: (1) to review the literature on the role of SP related to DRR and CCA, (2) to review progress and challenges for integration, and (3) to propose an integrative approach in SP. These objectives are met through a detailed literature review of relevant studies, policy documents and unpublished report analyses.
The study finds that strategies to enhance integration include strengthening the institutional and policy dimension, which requires coordination, cooperation and collaboration among relevant stakeholders, as well as clear policy and guidelines for integration. There also needs to be more data and information to guide decision making especially at the local government level, whilst central government support is also required in terms of data availability and accessibility. Lastly, successful integration requires capacity building and empowerment for local governments and society. The authors propose a combined vulnerability risk assessment (VRA) which considers parameters such as climate stimuli, hazards and risk, and affected area, thus integrating DRR and CCA with SP aspects.
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Notes
- 1.
Indonesia ’s administration level consists of provinces, regencies and cities. They have their own local governments and parliamentary bodies. Provinces include regencies and cities. Both regency and city are at the same administration level. The difference lies in their demography, size and economy.
- 2.
Ministry of Public Works Regulation 11/2012 on National Action Plan for climate change mitigation and adaptation in public works sector.
- 3.
See Law 32/2009, article 10 and 16.
- 4.
One of the authors was engaged as researcher/consultant of the MoE-GIZ-AusAid CRAA 2010–2012, MPW project on climate vulnerability mapping in 2013 and MPW-JICA Study of integrating climate change adaptation with SP policies (2014); the reflection stated in this manuscript is at a personal level although the notions have been expressed many times throughout the period.
- 5.
One of the authors attended the workshop of this study in October 2014, it was stated by the proponents that the technical guideline not intended to include superior risk assessment techniques and instead a simple one where all local governments, even with limited budget, can develop their spatial plan that includes DRR perspective.
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Wijaya, N., Bisri, M.B.F., Aritenang, A.F., Mariany, A. (2017). Spatial Planning, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Climate Change Adaptation Integration in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges, and Approach. In: Djalante, R., Garschagen, M., Thomalla, F., Shaw, R. (eds) Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_9
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