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Measuring Community Resilience to Natural Hazards: Case Study of Yogyakarta Province

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Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia

Part of the book series: Disaster Risk Reduction ((DRR))

Abstract

The concepts of community resilience have been utilized in the discussion on related to disaster risk reduction (DRR) and there has been a proliferation of concepts and frameworks for understanding and measuring resilience. This study builds on these measures of resilience by developing an Integrated Concept of Community Resilience (ICCR) adapted to include Indonesian context-specific dimensions such as different forms of cultural capital, governance and spatial planning. Specifically, existing forms of cultural capital, namely gotong royong (collective action) have long been rooted in many Indonesian societies and therefore play an important role in increasing community resilience. At a larger scale, community resilience is also influenced by external factors such as the governance system and spatial planning.

The objective of this chapter is to develop and apply the ICCR framework in the Sleman and Bantul Regencies in the Special Region (Daerah Istimewa) of Yogyakarta, which are threatened by volcanic and earthquake hazards respectively. The analyses were based on data from 200 household questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The ICCR was then translated into indicators that are analyzed statistically. The result of the assessment showed that the resilience index of Sleman Regency is higher than that of Bantul Regency, although the average resilience index in Sleman and Bantul is moderate except for spatial planning in Bantul which is low. Based on the results obtained, the ICCR can be applied as a measure of community resilience and help to highlight ways and possible interventions for strengthening resilience.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LIPI, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Herryal Z. Anwar, Emilia Yustiningrum, Nina Andriana, D. T. P. Kusumawardhani & Anggun Mayang Sari

  2. School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia

    Saut Sagala

Authors
  1. Herryal Z. Anwar
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  2. Emilia Yustiningrum
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  3. Nina Andriana
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  4. D. T. P. Kusumawardhani
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  5. Saut Sagala
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  6. Anggun Mayang Sari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Herryal Z. Anwar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany

    Riyanti Djalante

  2. United Nations University – Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), Bonn, Germany

    Matthias Garschagen

  3. Stockholm Environment Institute, Bangkok, Thailand

    Frank Thomalla

  4. Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan

    Rajib Shaw

Appendix

Appendix

QUESTIONNAIRE: INTEGRATED RESILIENCE SURVEY AGAINTS NATURAL DISASTER, 2015

figure a

Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI )

I. LOCATION IDENTIFICATION

01. Number:

02. Regency

1. Sleman    2. Bantul

03. District

 

04. Villages

 

05. Sub-villages

 

06. RW/RT, Home No.

 

07. Address

1. Shelter

2. Family homes

3. Own homes

4. Others

Respondent identity

1. Name:

6. Education of respondent

2. Age: year

3. Gender:

Never go to school1

Male       1

Not finish primary school2

Female      2

Finished primary school3

Senior High School4

Junior High School5

University6

4. Status in the household

5. Number of household member

11. Total number of household income

Head of household    1

Male    : ................

  Rp ..........................

Wife/Husband      2

Female   : ................

Son/daughter/in law   3

Total    :..................

Other family      4

 

7. Typical of household head main job:

8. The main job income in a month

 

 Rp ...............................

9. Secondary job of household heads:

10. Secondary job income of househoold head in a month:

 

 Rp..........................

INTERVIEWER IDENTITY

01. Name: .....................................................

03. Examiner: .................................................

02. Date of interview: ..................................

04. Date of examine: ......................................

A. SOCIAL. CULTURE AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL

1

Do you know that your places are prone to natural hazard ?

8

Did army or police role in rescue program significance during disaster ?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No

2

Was your livelihood decreases in last disaster ?

9

Did you evacuate during last disaster ?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No

3

Was your home damage in time of last disaster

10

Did you understand of natural sign of disaster ?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No

4

Did you ever experience natural disaster in your place in last five years?

11

Did you involved in gotong royong program in particular for DRR ?

 a. Ever

 a. Always

 b. Never

 b. Never

5

Did you save your family as a main priority response?

12

Were there traditional leadership role in DRR in your village?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No

6

Effort to find a new livelihood (recovery potential)

13

Were there traditional leadership role in recovery stage?

 a. Yes

 a. Strong

 b. No

 b. Weak

7

Did you involved in DRR effort in your village?

14

Were there traditional leadership role in disaster socialisation?

 a. Yes

 a. Strong

 b. No

 b. Weak

B. RISK GOVERNANCE

15

Were there DRR regulations in your village?

22

Do you know the route to evacuation place?

 a. Yes

 a. Available

 b. No

 b. Unavailable

16

Were there village level contingency planning?

23

Did you see the evacuation sign in your village?

 a. Available

 a. Available

 b. Unavailable

 b. Unavailable

17

Do you understand the meaning of contingency plan

24

Could you access the early warning before disaster ?

 a. Yes

 a. Available

 b. No

 b. Unavailable

18

Did you participate in natural disaster socialization?

25

Do you think the early warning systems are available in your village?

 a. Available

 a. Yes

 b. Unavailable

 b. No

19

Did you know about evacuation planning during disaster ?

26

Did you participate in disaster socialization with > 2 times in one year?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No.

20

What is your opinion about the facilities for evacuation place?

27

Were there available disaster aids during emergency response in last disaster ?

 a. Available

 a. Yes

 b. Unavailable

 b. No

21

What was your opinion regarding the speed of aids distribution during last disaster ?

28

What was your opinion the target of risk governance direct to community ?

 

 a. Good enough

 a. Good enough

 

 b. No

 b. No

C. SPATIAL PLANNING DISASTER BASED

29

Did you see the evacuation sign board in your village?

32

Do you know the availability of mitigation infrastructures in your village?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No

30

Were the evacuation shelter reachable (100–500 m) from your home?

33

Do you understand the spatial regulation in your village?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No

31

Do you know the availability of disaster risk map in your environment?

34

Did you thing there were the negative impact of land use change in your village?

 a. Yes

 a. Yes

 b. No

 b. No

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Anwar, H.Z., Yustiningrum, E., Andriana, N., Kusumawardhani, D.T.P., Sagala, S., Mayang Sari, A. (2017). Measuring Community Resilience to Natural Hazards: Case Study of Yogyakarta Province. In: Djalante, R., Garschagen, M., Thomalla, F., Shaw, R. (eds) Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54466-3_25

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