Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an extremely toxic metalloid that naturally occurs in the environment from geochemical weathering of rocks, volcanic emission, and anthropogenic activities. The detrimental effects of arsenicals on humans is an increasing menace chiefly due to contaminated drinking water and foods as the levels of As have been elevated in soil and groundwater across the globe. Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil and groundwater therefore, is an urgent need for providing safe drinking water and food. Bioremediation became an emerging alternative to conventional energy intensive, instrument and chemical based expensive restoration technologies of heavy metal or metalloid contaminated areas of land and water. Bioremediation by microbes (bacteria, fungi, yeast) are quite effective and relies on deliberate action of natural or engineered microbial activity to reduce, mobilize, or immobilize, volatilize As through sorption, bio-methylation, complexation and redox reactions.
To improve the As bioremediation, extensive idea about uptake and the biochemical pathway for metabolism and detoxification of this metalloid by the microbes is necessary. In this review, uptake and metabolism of As in bacteria and fungi and their potential utility on environmental arsenic remediation has been focused.
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The authors sincerely acknowledge Directors DRL, IRS, and Principal BCC for their kind support. Further, a sincere apology is rendered to the many colleagues whose works could not be referred to in this chapter due to space limitations.
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Mitra, A., Chatterjee, S., Gupta, D.K. (2017). Potential Role of Microbes in Bioremediation of Arsenic. In: Gupta, D., Chatterjee, S. (eds) Arsenic Contamination in the Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54356-7_10
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