Skip to main content

An Evaluation of Link Estimation Algorithms for RPL in Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures (IoT360 2015)

Abstract

Link estimators are extremely important in dynamic wireless sensor networks for obtaining a good network performance because they drive the decisions made by the routing protocol. Many estimators exist but the quality of their estimation depends on the scenario at hand. In this paper, the impact of the estimator on the network performance is investigated in different networking scenarios. Also the influence of the underlying MAC protocol was evaluated. The evaluation was performed both in simulation and on a real-life testbed.

The results clearly show that there is no link estimator that is best in all scenario’s. Another major finding indicates that the results obtained in simulator differ heavily from the testbed results. This illustrates that research findings cannot be solely based on simulation results but also requires real-world experiments. The influence off the underlying MAC protocol is limited on the choice of estimator.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. iMinds w-iLab.t website. http://ilabt.iminds.be/iminds-wilabt-overview. Accessed 12 July 2015

  2. Texas Instruments CC2420 Radio Datasheet. http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2420.pdf. Accessed 12 July 2015

  3. Baccour, N., Koubâa, A., Mottola, L., Zúñiga, M.A., Youssef, H., Boano, C.A., Alves, M.: Radio link quality estimation in wireless sensor networks: a survey. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 8(4), 34:1–34:33 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Baccour, N., Koubâa, A., Youssef, H., Ben Jamâa, M., do Rosário, D., Alves, M., Becker, L.B.: F-LQE: a fuzzy link quality estimator for wireless sensor networks. In: Silva, J.S., Krishnamachari, B., Boavida, F. (eds.) EWSN 2010. LNCS, vol. 5970, pp. 240–255. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Dawans, S., Duquennoy, S., Bonaventure, O.: On link estimation in dense RPL deployments. In: 2012 IEEE 37th Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops), pp. 952–955, October 2012

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dunkels, A.: The contikimac radio duty cycling protocol. Technical report, SICS (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fonseca, R., Gnawali, O., Jamieson, K., Philip, L.: Four bit wireless link estimation. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gnawali, O., Fonseca, R., Jamieson, K., Kazandjieva, M., Moss, D., Levis, P.: CTP: an efficient, robust, and reliable collection tree protocol for wireless sensor networks. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 10(1), 16:1–16:49 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gungor, V.C., Korkmaz, M.K.: Wireless link-quality estimation in smart grid environments. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. 2012, 10 p. (2012). Article ID 214068, doi:10.1155/2012/214068

    Google Scholar 

  10. Iova, O., Theoleyre, F., Noel, T.: Stability and efficiency of RPL under realistic conditions in wireless sensor networks. In: 2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Javaid, N., Javaid, A., Khan, I., Djouani, K.: Performance study of ETX based wireless routing metrics. In: Computer, Control and Communication (IC4) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Klein, A., Braun, L., Oehlmann, F.: Performance study of the better approach to mobile adhoc networking (batman) protocol in the context of asymmetric links. In: World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Meier, A., Rein, T., Beutel, J., Thiele, L.: Coping with unreliable channels: efficient link estimation for low-power wireless sensor networks. In: 5th International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems, INSS 2008, pp. 19–26, June 2008

    Google Scholar 

  14. Osterlind, F., Dunkels, A., Eriksson, J., Finne, N., Voigt, T.: Cross-level sensor network simulation with COOJA. In: Local Computer Networks (LCN) (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Thubert, P.: Objective Function Zero for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). RFC 6552 (Proposed Standard), March 2012

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tsiftes, N., Eriksson, J., Dunkels, A.: Low-power wireless IPv6 routing with ContikiRPL. In: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, IPSN 2010. ACM (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Winter, T., Thubert, P., Brandt, A., Hui, J., Kelsey, R., Levis, P., Pister, K., Struik, R., Vasseur, J., Alexander, R.: RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks. RFC 6550 (Proposed Standard), March 2012

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO-V), project “ASN: wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks”, grant #G.0763.12, and the agency for Innovation by Science and Technology Flanders (IWT-V), project “SAMURAI: Software Architecture and Modules for Unified RAdIo control”, and the iMinds IoT Strategic Research program, and European Commission Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement n645274 (WiSHFUL).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Ruckebusch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ruckebusch, P., Devloo, J., Carels, D., De Poorter, E., Moerman, I. (2016). An Evaluation of Link Estimation Algorithms for RPL in Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Mandler, B., et al. Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. IoT360 2015. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 170. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7_40

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47074-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47075-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics