Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pathologic Features of Miscellaneous Foregut Malignancies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR))

  • 1134 Accesses

Abstract

In addition to tumors arising from the primary mucosal epithelium, the foregut is host to a variety of non-epithelial precursor cells which may give rise to neoplasms of neuroendocrine, mesenchymal, and hematolymphoid lineages. Many of these lesions also occur outside of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the extranodal lymphomas and many of the sarcomas, and in many cases share the features of their non-alimentary counterparts. This heterogeneous collection of malignancies features a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, morphologic and histopathologic features, genetic underpinnings, and treatment considerations. Although encountered less frequently than primary carcinomas, it is important to correctly recognize and classify these lesions to effectively manage and prognosticate the patients in which they occur. In this chapter, we focus on the clinical, morphologic, and genetic features of the primary esophageal and gastric neoplasms of neuroendocrine, mesenchymal, and lymphoid origin.

*Eduard Matkovic, MD and Michael Schwalbe, MD have contributed equally.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bacon C, Du M, Dogan A (2007) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma: a practical guide for pathologists. J Clin Pathol 60:361–372

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bale SJ et al (1989) Linkage analysis of multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 1 with INT2 and other markers on chromosome 11. Genomics 4:320–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Batoroev YK et al (2006) Esophageal rhabdomyosarcoma: report of a case diagnosed by imprint cytology. Acta Cytol 50(2):213–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bergh P, Mies-Kindblom J, Gherlinzoni F et al (1999) Synovial sarcoma: identification of low and high risk groups. Cancer 85(12):2596–2607

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND (eds) (2010) WHO classification of tumors of the digestive system. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

    Google Scholar 

  6. Burkill G, Badran M, Thomas J et al (2003) Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor: distribution, imaging features, and pattern of metastatic spread. Radiology 226:527–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Corless C, Fletcher J, Heinrich M (2004) Biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol 22(18):3813–3825

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. De Mik JI et al (1992) Primary malignant melanoma of the oesophagus. Histopathology 20:77–79

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Doherty MA et al (1984) Oat cell carcinoma of esophagus: a report of six British patients with a review of the literature. In J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10:147–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Edge SB et al (2010) American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, 7th edn. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ferruci P, Zucca E (2006) Primary gastric lymphoma pathogenesis and treatment: what has changed over the past 10 years? Br J Haematol 136:521–538

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fisher C (1998) Synovial sarcoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2(6):401–421

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fujimoto Y, Nakanishi Y, Yoshimura K et al (2003) Clinicopathologic study of primary malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach, with special reference to prognostic factors: analysis of results in 140 surgically resected patients. Gastric Cancer 6:39–48

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Furlong A et al (2001) Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in adults: a clinicopathologic study of 38 cases with emphasis on morphologic variants and recent skeletal muscle-specific markers. Mod Pathol 14(6):595–603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Glickman JN et al (2015) Epithelial neoplasms of the esophagus. In surgical pathology of the GI tract, liver, biliary tract and pancreas. Editors Odze and Goldblum. 5th edn., vol 24. Elsevier Inc., pp 674–706

    Google Scholar 

  16. Huang Q et al (2013) Primary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 42 resection cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2013(37):467–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Iwanuma Y et al (2012) Current status of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: clinical features, pathology, management and prognosis. J Gastroenterol 47:21–28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Janeway K, Kim S, Lodish M et al (2011) Defects in succinate dehydrogenase in gastrointestinal stromal tumors lacking KIT and PDGFRA mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(1):314–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lehy T et al (1992) Influence of multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia type 1 on gastric endocrine cells in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gut 33:1275–1279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Makhlouf H, Ahrens W, Agarwal B et al (2008) Synovial sarcoma of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 10 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 32(2):275–281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Maru DM et al (2008) Retrospective study of clinicopathologic features and prognosis of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol 32:1404–1411

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Miettinen M et al (2010). Mesenchymal tumors of the oesophagus. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND (eds) WHO Classification of tumors of the digestive system, vol 2. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, pp 35–37

    Google Scholar 

  23. Miettinen M, Fletcher C, Kindblom L et al (2010) Mesenchymal tumours of the stomach. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND (eds) WHO classification of tumour of the digestive system. IACR, Lyon

    Google Scholar 

  24. Miettinen M, Lasota J (2006) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites. Semin Diagn Pathol 23(2):70–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Miettinen M, Lasota J (2006) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 130:1466–1478

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Miettinen M, Sobin L, Lasota J (2005) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 1765 cases with long-term follow-up. Am J Surg Pathol 29(1):52–68

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Miettinen M, Virtanen I (1984) Synovial sarcoma—a misnomer. Am J Pathol 117(1):18–25

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Miettinen M et al (2001) Mesenchymal tumors of muscularis mucosae of colon and rectum are benign leiomyomas that should be separated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors—a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of eighty-eight cases. Mod Pathol 14(10):950–956

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Modlin IM (2008) Prioritiesfor improving the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:1282–1289

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Nakamura S, Muller-Hermelink H, Delabie J et al (2010) Lymphoma of the Stomach. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND (eds) WHO classification of tumour of the digestive system. IACR, Lyon

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nakamura S, Yao T, Aoyagi K et al (1997) Helicobacter pylori and primary gastric lymphoma: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 237 patients. Cancer 79(1):3–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Parham DM, Qualman SJ, Teot L, Barr FG, Morotti R, Sorensen PH, Triche TJ, Meyer WH (2007) Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children’s Oncology Group. Correlation between histology and PAX/FKHR fusion status in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Am J Surg Pathol 31(6):895–901

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rindi G et al (2010) Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND (eds) who classification of tumors of the digestive system, vol 1. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, pp 9–14

    Google Scholar 

  34. Saint Martin MC et al (1999) Barrett esophagus-associated small cell carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 123:1123

    Google Scholar 

  35. Stratakis C, Carney J (2009) The triad of paragangliomas gastric stromal tumors and pulmonary chondromas (Carney Triad), and the dyad of paragangliomas and gastric stromal sarcomas (Carney-Stratakis syndrome): molecular genetics and clinical implications. J Intern Med 266(1):43–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Tran T, Davila J, El-Serag H (2005) The epidemiology of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an analysis of 1,458 cases from 1992 to 2000. Am J Gastroenterol 100:162–168

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Volante M et al (2006) The grey zone between pure (neuro) endocrine and non-(neuro) endocrine tumours: a comment on concepts and classification of mixed exocrine-endocrine neoplasms. Virchows Arch 449:499–506

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Zullo A, Hassan C, Ridola L et al (2014) Gastric MALT lymphoma: old and new insights. Ann Gastroenterol. 27:1–7

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health and UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA

    Eduard Matkovic, Michael Schwalbe & Kristina A. Matkowskyj

  2. William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA

    Eduard Matkovic, Michael Schwalbe & Kristina A. Matkowskyj

Authors
  1. Eduard Matkovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael Schwalbe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kristina A. Matkowskyj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    David Bentrem

  2. Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Al B. Benson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Matkovic, E., Schwalbe, M., Matkowskyj, K.A. (2016). Pathologic Features of Miscellaneous Foregut Malignancies. In: Bentrem, D., Benson, A. (eds) Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Cancer Treatment and Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34244-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34244-3_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-34242-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-34244-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation