Abstract
Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) is one of the most common and effective spine procedures performed, indicated for the treatment of cervical degenerative disk disease. Patients frequently present with neck pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy secondary to compression of the neural elements. A thorough patient evaluation is performed, consisting of clinical examination, imaging, and possibly nerve conduction studies. This chapter outlines the diagnostic evaluation, indications, operative details, considerations, and complications of the ACDF procedure.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Alonso F, Voin V, Iwanaga J et al (2018) Potential mechanism for some postoperative C5 palsies: an anatomical study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43(4):161–166
Alrawi MF, Khalil NM, Mitchell P, Hughes SP (2007) The value of neurophysiological and imaging studies in predicting outcome in the surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Eur Spine J 16(4):495–500
Angevine PD, Arons RR, McCormick PC (2003) National and regional rates and variation of cervical discectomy with and without anterior fusion, 1990–1999. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 28:931–939
Bazaz R, Lee MJ, Yoo JU (2002) Incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine 27(22):2453–2458
Buckingham MJ, Chen KS (2018) Technique for performing an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with attention to the exposure of the anterior cervical spine: 2-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 14(5):596
Carette S, Fehlings MG (2005) Clinical practice. Cervical radiculopathy. N Engl J Med 353(4):392–399
Chong E, Pelletier MH, Mobbs RJ, Walsh WR (2015) The design evolution of interbody cages in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 25:99
Cloward RB (1958) The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical disks. J Neurosurg 15:602–617
Davis SF, Corenman D, Strauch E, Connor D (2013) Intraoperative monitoring may prevent neurologic injury in non-myelopathic patients undergoing ACDF. Neurodiagn J 53(2):114–120
Ellenberg MR, Honet JC, Treanor WJ (1994) Cervical radiculopathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75(3):342–352
Frost M, Huffer WE, Sze CI et al (1999) Cervical spine abnormalities in down syndrome. Clin Neuropathol 18(5):250–259
Gaudinez RF, English GM, Gebhard JS, Brugman JL, Donaldson DH, Brown CW (2000) Esophageal perforations after anterior cervical surgery. J Spinal Disord 13(1):77–84
Gupta SK, Roy RC, Srivastava A (1982) Sagittal diameter of the cervical canal in normal Indian adults. Clin Radiol 33(6):681–685
Hai-bin C, Zheng-Guo W, Ling Z et al (2012) Cervical spinal canal narrowing and cervical neurological injuries. Chinese J Traum 5(1):36–41
Hamidi M, Nabi S, Husein M et al (2014) Cervical spine abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 51(2):230–233
Hashimoto I, Tak YK (1977) The true sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal and its diagnostic significance in cervical myelopathy. J Neurosurg 47(6):912
Hershman SH, Kunkle WA, Kelly MP et al (2017) Esophageal perforation following anterior cervical spine surgery: case report and review of the literature. Global Spine J 7(1 Suppl):28S–36S
Horne PH, Lampe P, Nguyen JT et al (2016) A novel radiographic indicator of developmental cervical stenosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 98(14):1206–1214
Jung A, Schramm J, Lehnerdt K, Herberhold C (2005) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy during anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study. J Neurosurg Spine 2(2):123–127
Kani KK, Chew FS (2018) Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: review and update for radiologists. Skelet Radiol 47(1):7–17
Kilburg C, Sullivan HG, Mathiason MA (2006) Effect of approach side during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion on the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. J Neurosurg Spine 4(4):273–277
Krauss WE, Bledsoe JM, Clarke MJ, Nottmeier EW, Pichelmann MA (2010) Rheumatoid arthritis of the craniovertebral junction. Neurosurgery 66(3):A83–A95
Lang J (1993) Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine. Thieme, Stuttgart
Lee YS, Kim YB, Park SW (2014) Risk factors for postoperative subsidence of single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: the significance of the preoperative cervical alignment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39(16):1280–1287
Legatt AD, Laarakker AS, Nakhla JP et al (2016) Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring detection of carotid compression during ACDF surgery in a patient with a vascularly isolated hemisphere. J Neurosurg Spine 25(5):566–571
Moran C, Bolger C (2012) Operative techniques for cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. Adv Orthop 212:916149
Nanda A, Sharma M, Sonig A et al (2014) Surgical complications of anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for cervical degenerative disk disease: a single surgeon’s experience of 1,576 patients. World Neurosurg 82(6):1380–1387
Nguyen HV, Ludwig SC, Silber J et al (2004) Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. Spine J 4(3):329–334
Odate S, Shikata J, Soeda T et al (2017) Surgical results and complications of anterior decompression and fusion as a revision surgery after initial posterior surgery for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. J Neurosurg Spine 26(4):466–473
Park H-K, Jho H-D (2012) The management of vertebral artery injury in anterior cervical spine operation: a systematic review of published cases. Eur Spine J 21(12):2475–2485
Payne EE, Spillane JD (1957) The cervical spine: an anatomico-pathological study of 70 specimens (using a special technique) with particular reference to the problem of cervical spondylosis. Brain 80(4):571–596
Prusick VR, Samberg LC, Wesolowski DP (1985) Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with spinal stenosis. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg 67(1):161–164
Quintana LM (2014) Complications in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical degenerative disc disease. World Neurosurg 82(6):1058–1059
Rao AS, Michael ALR, Timothy J (2011) Surgical technique of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). In: Giannoudis P (ed) Practical procedures in elective orthopedic surgery. Springer, London
Rhee JM (2015) Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery for cervical radiculopathy: is time of essence? Spine J 15(3):433–434
Ricchetti ET, Hosalkar HS, Gholve PA et al (2008) Advanced imaging of the cervical spine and spinal cord in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: age-matched, double-cohort, controlled study. J Child Orthop 2(5):333–341
Robinson RA, Smith GW (1955) Anterolateral cervical disc removal and interbody fusion for cervical disc syndrome. Bull John Hopkins Hosp 96:223–224
Samartzis D, Kalluri P, Herman J et al (2016) “Clinical triad” findings in pediatric Klippel-Feil patients. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 11:15
Song K-J, Choi B-Y (2014) Current concepts of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a review of literature. Asian Spine J 8(4):531–539
Stanley JH, Schable SI, Frey GD et al (1986) Quantitative analysis of the cervical spinal canal by computed tomography. Neuroradiology 28(2):139–143
Tubbs RS, Hallock JD, Radcliff V et al (2011) Ligaments of the craniocervical junction. J Neurosurg Spine 14:697–709
Wasserman BR, Moskovich R, Razi AE (2011) Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine—clinical considerations. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 69(2):136–148
Xu R, Bydon M, MAcki M et al (2014) Adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: clinical outcomes after first repeat surgery versus second repeat surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39(2):120–126
Zhong Z-M, Jiang J-M, Qu D-B, Wang J, Li X-P, Lu K-W et al (2013) Esophageal perforation related to anterior cervical spinal surgery. J Clin Neurosci 20(10):1402–1405
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Ahmed, A.K., Pennington, Z., Molina, C.A., Goodwin, C.R., Sciubba, D.M. (2020). Anterior Spinal Plates, Cervical. In: Cheng, B. (eds) Handbook of Spine Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33037-2_61-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33037-2_61-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-33037-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-33037-2
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences