Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diseases of Tulip

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Disease Management ((HPDM))

Abstract

Tulip is the most important ornamental geophyte worldwide, grown for bulbs, cut flowers, potted plants, and landscape use. Major increases in consumer demand in the first half of the twentieth century were associated with the identification of many new disease problems. Tulip is susceptible to a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes including Botrytis tulipae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Tulip breaking virus, and Ditylenchus dipsaci that can significantly reduce flower and bulb production. Since the plant is propagated vegetatively, this factor can facilitate the spread of disease if pathogen-free propagative material is not used and integrated disease management is not followed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agrios GN (2005) Plant pathology, 5th edn. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego. 922 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2014) Cut flowers and cut lei flowers sold – 2012 Census of Agriculture USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. https://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Census_of_Horticulture_Specialties/hortic_1_013_013.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2016

  • Anonymous (2017) Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode). CABI Invasive species datasheet. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19287. Accessed 5 Mar 2017

  • Anonymous (n.d.) Stubby root nematodes (Trichodorus). Plantwise Technical Factsheet, Plantwise Knowledge Bank, CABI. http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=54810 Accessed 9 Mar 2017

  • Apt WJ (1958). Studies on the Fusarium diseases of bulbous ornamental crops. Ph.D. Theses, State College of Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Asjes CJ (1976) Arabis mosaic virus in tulips. Neth J Plant Pathol 82:187–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asjes CJ (1981) Control of stylet-borne virus spread by aphids of tulip breaking virus in lilies and tulip, and hyacinth mosaic virus in hyacinths by pirimicarb and permethrin sprays versus mineral-oil sprays. Meded Fac Landbouwwetensch Rijksuniv Gent 46(3):1073–1077

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asjes CJ (1986) Lily symptomless carlavirus. In: Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version: 16 Jan 1997. http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/. Accessed 20 May 2016

  • Asjes CJ (1991) Control of air-borne field spread of tulip breaking virus, lily symptomless virus and lily virus X in lilies by mineral oils, synthetic pyrethroids, and a nematicide in the Netherlands. Neth J Plant Pathol 97(30):129–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asjes CJ (1994) Viruses in tulip in the Netherlands. Acta Hortic 377:289–300. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1994.377.31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baayen RP, O’Donnell K, Bonants PJ, Cigelnik E, Kroon LP, Roebroeck EJ, Waalwijk C (2000) Gene genealogies and AFLP analyses in the Fusarium oxysporum complex identify monophyletic and nonmonophyletic formae speciales causing wilt and rot disease. Phytopathology 90:891–900

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beijersbergen JCM, Lemmers CB (1972) Enzymic and non-enzymic liberation of tulipalin A (α-methylene butyrolactone) in extracts of tulip. Physiol Plant Pathol 2(3):265–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergman BHH (1965) Field infection of tulip bulbs by Fusarium oxysporum. Neth J Plant Pathol 71:129–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergman BHH, Bakker-Van Der Voort MA (1979) Latent infection in tulip bulbs by Fusarium oxysporum. Eur J Plant Pathol 85(5):187–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergman BHH, Beijersbergen JCM (1971) A possible explanation of variations in susceptibility of tulip bulbs to infection by Fusarium oxysporum. Acta Hortic 23:225–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergman BHH, Noordermeer-Luyk CE (1973) Influence of soil temperature on field infection of tulip bulbs by Fusarium oxysporum. Neth J Plant Pathol 79:221–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bos L (1970) Symptoms of virus diseases in plants, 2nd edn. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyraz N, Bastas KK, Maden S, Yasar A (2006) Bacterial leaf and peduncle soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum on tulips in Konya, Turkey. Phytoparasitica 34(3):272–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury JF (1977) Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora. CMI descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria no. 56. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown DJF, Zheng J, Zhou X (2004) Virus vectors. In: Chen ZX, Chen SY, Dickson DW (eds) Nematology, advances and perspectives, vol 2. Nematode management and utilization. CABI, Wallingford, pp 717–770

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Buschman JCM (2005) Globalisation – flower – flower bulbs – bulb flowers. In: Okubo H, Miller WB, Chastagner GA (eds) Proceedings of the IXth international symposium on flower bulbs Acta Hortic 673, ISHS. http://wwwlib.teiep.gr/images/stories/acta/Acta%20673/673_1.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2016

  • Chastagner GA, Antonelli A, Riley KL (2002) Management of aphid transmitted virus diseases of ornamental bulb crops in the Pacific Northwest. Acta Hortic 570:297–300. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.570.39. Accessed 22 May 2016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coley-Smith JR, Javed ZUR (1972) Germination of sclerotia of Botrytis tulipae, the cause of tulip fire. Ann Appl Biol 71:99–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crow WT (2014) Trichodorus obtusus Cobb. Featured Creatures, University of Florida-IFAS, Department of Entomology and Nematology. http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/nematode/stubbyroot/trichodorus_obtusus.htm. Accessed 9 Mar 2017

  • Decraemer W, Geraert E (2006) Ectoparasitic nematodes. In: Perry RN, Moens M (eds) Plant nematology. CABI, Oxfordshire, pp 154–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Dees MW, Spetz C, Blystad D-R (2011) First report of Tulip virus x (TVX) in Norway. Acta Hortic 901:215–222. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.901.27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker EL, Derks AFLM, Asjes CJ, Lemmers MEC, Bol JF, Langefeld SA (1993) Characterization of potyviruses from tulip and lily which cause flower-breaking. J Gen Virol 74:881–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dijst G, Schneider JH (1996) Flower bulbs diseases incited by Rhizoctonia species. In Rhizoctonia species: taxonomy, molecular biology, ecology, pathology and disease control. Springer Inc, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp 279–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Doornik AW, Bergman BHH (1971) Some factors influencing the infection of tulip sprouts. Neth J Plant Pathol 77:33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doornik AW, Bergman BHH (1973) Some factors influencing the outgrowth of Botrytis tulipae from lesions on tulip bulbs after planting. Neth J Plant Pathol 79:243–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugan FM, Lupien SL, Vahling-Armstrong CM, Chastagner GA, Schroeder BK (2014) Host ranges of North American isolates of Penicillium causing blue mold of bulb crops. Crop Prot 64:129–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duineveld T, Beijersbergen JCM (1975) On the resistance to benomyl of fungi isolated from bulbs and corms. Acta Hortic 47:143–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duraisamy GS, Pokorny R (2009) Survey of virus pathogens in gladiolus, iris, and tulip in the Czech Republic. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 57:79–86. doi:10.11118/actaun200957050079. Accessed 20 May 20116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eijk JV, Garretsen F, Eikelboom W (1979) Breeding for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae in tulip (Tulipa L.). 2. Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of cultivars. Euphytica 28(1):67–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahy PC, Persley GJ (1983) Plant bacterial disease: a diagnostic guide. Academic, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox RTV (2014) Bacterial pathogens of ornamentals, including mycoplasmas. In: George RAT, Fox RTV (eds) Diseases of temperate horticultural plants. CABI, Oxfordshire, pp 419–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Francki RIB, Habili N (1980/1987) Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus. In: Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version: 16 Jan 1997. http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/. Accessed 20 May 2016

  • Fujimura M, Ideguchi M, Minami Y, Watanabe K, Tadera K (2004) Purification, characterization, and sequencing of novel antimicrobial peptides, Tu-AMP 1 and Tu-AMP 2, from bulbs of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68(3):571–577. doi:10.1271/bbb.68.571. Accessed 23 May 2016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill S, Schuster C, Anacker R, Wadkins S Klick S (n.d.) Production of tulips as cut flowers. Maryland Cooperative Extension, University of Maryland, College Park, Eastern Shore, Fact Sheet 837. https://extension.umd.edu/sites/default/files/_docs/programs/ipmnet/FS837TulipsAsCutFlowers-Commercial.pdf. Accessed 23 May 2016

  • Gould CJ, Miller VL (1970) Control of Fusarium and Penicillium rots of Iris Tulip and Narcissus with thiabendazole and benomyl, Acta Hortic. vol 23. pp 178–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Gratwick M (1992) Stem nematode in tulip. In: Gratwick M (ed) Crop pests in the UK. Springer Inc, Dordrecht Netherlands, pp 454–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Gullino ML, Daughtrey ML, Garbaldi A, Elmer WH (2015) Fusarium wilts of ornamental and their management. Crop Prot 73:50–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guolan R, Zhang Y (1998) Preliminary study on the pathogenic bacteria of soft rot in tulip. Acta Agric Univ Henan (China) 32(4):394–397 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gvozdyak RI, Sidorovich LE, Kabashnaya LV (1985) Erwinia chrysanthemi and Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora, pathogens of bacterial rot of hyacinth and tulip. Mikrobiol Zh 47(5):49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks GR (1996) Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi, the cause of narcissus basal rot, with thiabendazole and other fungicides. Crop Prot 15(6):549–558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison BD, Robinson DJ (1984) Tobacco rattle tobravirus. In: Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version: 16 Jan 1997. http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/. Accessed 21 May 2016

  • Horst RK (2008) Westcott’s plant disease handbook, 7th edn. Springer, Dortdrecht. 1317 pp

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiang T, Chastagner GA (1990) Parasitic fitness of benzimidazole and dicarboximide resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea Botrytis elliptica and Botrytis tulipae. Phytopathology 80:978

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys-Jones DR, de Rooy MJ (1974) Control of Pythium root rot in five-degree tulips in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Acta Hortic. vol 47. pp 83–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Ichitani T, Kashimoto T, Fukunishi T (1991) Root rot of tulip caused by three Pythium species. Jpn J Phytopathol 57(2):174–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarecka A, WÄ™grzynowicz-Lesiak E, Saniewska A (2008) Ethylene production in tulip bulbs potentially susceptible and resistant to gum formation after infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Tulipae. Phytopathol Pol 50:43–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JY, Shin HK, Lee SY, Lim JH, Ko JY, Chung SK, Choi JK (1995) Detection of lily symptomless virus, cucumber mosaic virus and tulip breaking virus according to the tissue positions and organs in lily plants by tissue blotting immunoassay. J Kor Soc Hortic Sci 36(6):843–850

    Google Scholar 

  • Koster ATJ, De Rooij M (1980) New possibilities for chemical control of root rot (Pythium spp.) in cultivation of bulbs and bulb flowers. Acta Horticulturae. vol 109. pp 375–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesnaw JA, Ghabrial SA (2000) Tulip breaking: past, present, and future. Plant Dis 84(10):1052–1060. doi:10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.10.1052. Accessed 22 May 2016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liou SS, Watkins CB, Miller WB (2006) Ethylene in storage: an evaluation of three influential; factors on tulip bulb sensitivity to ethylene during postharvest shipping and storage. HortScience 41(3):491

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKenzie (2015) Fighting tulip weeds, diseases with cover crops. Washington State University. Online publication. https://news.wsu.edu/2015/02/25/fighting-tulip-weeds-diseases-with-cover-crops/. Accessed 19 May 2016

  • Moore WC, Buddin W (1937) A new disease of tulip caused by species of Pythium. Ann Appl Biol 24(4):752–761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morikawa T, Chikuo Y, Nomura Y (1996) Influence of inoculation with Pseudomonas andropogonis or P. gladioli on the occurrence of post-harvest diseases of tulip bulbs: bulb rot, bacterial black rot and bacterial brown rot. Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn 62:505–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mowat WP (1972) A necrotic disease of tulip caused by tomato bushy stunt virus. Plant Pathol 21(4):171–174. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1972.tb01754.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mowat WP (1982) Pathology and properties of Tulip virus X, a new potexvirus. Ann Appl Biol 101:51–63. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1982.tb00800.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mowat WP (1990) Tulip X potexvirus. In: Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version: 16 Jan 1997. http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/. Accessed 20 May 2016

  • Muller PJ, van Aartrijk J (1989) Flooding reduces the soil population of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) in sandy soils. Acta Hortic 255:261–264. http://www.actahort.org/books/255/255_30.htm

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murant AF (1984) Arabis mosaic nepovirus. In: Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version: 16 Jan 1997. http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/. Accessed 20 May 2016

  • Nøhr Rasmussen A, Lindhardt K (1980) Stem nematodes in tulips. Acta Hortic 109:443–446. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1980.109.64. Accessed 8 Mar 2017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Overy DP, Frisvad JC, Steinmeier U, Thrane U (2005a) Clarification of the agents causing blue mold storage rot upon various flower and vegetable bulbs: implications for mycotoxin contamination. Postharvest Biol Technol 35(2):217–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Overy DP, Karlshøj K, Due MJ (2005b) Low temperature growth and enzyme production in Penicillium ser. corymbifera species, casual agents of blue mold storage rot in bulbs. J Plant Pathol 1:57–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson MN, Cohen D, Cowell SJ, Jones D, Blouin A, Lebas BSM, Shiller JB, Clover GRG (2009) A survey of viruses of flower bulbs in New Zealand. Australas Plant Pathol 38:305–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philips S (1986) Tulip breaking potyvirus. In: Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version: 16 Jan 1997. http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/. Accessed 20 May 2016

  • Price D (1974) The occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum in soils, and on narcissus and tulip. In II Acta Hortic, vol 47. pp 113–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince TA, Herner RC, Gyeszly SW (1982) Storage of special precooled tulip bulbs in controlled atmosphere packages. In: DG Richardosn, M Meheriuck (eds) Controlled atmosphere for the storage and transport of perishable agricultural commodities. Timber Press, Beaverton OR, pp 77–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince TA, Herner RC, Stephens CT (1986) Fungicidal control of infection of Penicillium spp. of precooled tulip bulbs in a modified atmosphere package. Plant Dis 71:307–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prince TA, Stephens CT, Herner RC (1988) Pathogenicity, fungicide resistance, and ethylene production of Penicillium spp. isolated from tulip bulbs. Phytopathology 78(6):682–686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pscheidt JW, Ocamb CM (Senior eds) (2016) Tulip fire. In: Pacific Northwest plant disease handbook. Oregon State University. Online publication. http://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/node/4030/print. Accessed 19 May 2016

  • Reyes AL, Prins TP, van Empel J-P, van Tuyl JM (2005) Differences in epicuticular wax layer in tulip can influence resistance to Botrytis tulipae. In: Okubo H, Miller WB, Chastagner GA (eds) Proceedings of the IXth international symposium on flower bulbs Acta Hortic, vol 673. pp 457–461. http://www.liliumbreeding.nl/leon_673.pdf. Accessed 24 May 2016

  • Robinson DJ, Harrison BD (1989) Tobacco rattle virus. Descriptions of plant viruses no. 346. Association of Applied Biologists. http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=346

  • Romanow LR, Van Eijk JP, Eikelboom W, Van Schadewijk AR, Peters D (1990) Determining levels of resistance to tulip breaking virus (TBV) in tulip (Tulipa L.) cultivars. Euphytica 51(3):273–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk PK (1972) Soil-borne pathogens in ornamental bulbs as related to quarantine problems. EPPO Bull 2(7):69–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk PK, Bergman BHH (1969) Uncommon disease symptoms caused by Fusarium oxysporum in tulips forced in the glasshouse after pre-cooling at 5 °C. Neth J Plant Pathol 75(1–2):100–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider JHM, Kocks CG, Schilder MT (2001) Possible mechanisms influencing the dynamics of Rhizoctonia disease of tulips. Eur J Plant Pathol 107(7):723–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schönbeck F (1976) Role of preformed factors in specificity. In: Wood RKS, Graniti FRS (eds) Specificity in plant disease, Plenum Press New York, NY. pp 237–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Slootweg, AFG (1955) Zuur tulpen De HoBaHo (The Netherlands), pp 4–5, 23 Sept 1955 (In Dutch)

    Google Scholar 

  • Slootweg AFG (1960) Control of stem and bulb nematode. Weekbl Bloembollencult 70:843–844 (In Dutch)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sochacki D (2013) The occurrence of the viruses in tulip crops in Poland. J Hortic Res 1:5–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Straathof TP, Löffler HJM, Roebroeck EJA, Linfield CA (1996) Breeding for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum in flower bulbs. Acta Hortic, vol 430. pp 477–486

    Google Scholar 

  • Straathof TP, Mes JJ, Eikelboom W, Van Tuyl JM (2002) A greenhouse screening assay for Botrytis tulipae resistance in tulips. Acta Hortic 570:415–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suazo JG (2012) Pathological studies of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlecht.) f. sp. tulipae Apt. in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) bulbs after harvest. Ph.D dissertation Cornell University

    Google Scholar 

  • Teakle DS, Brunt AA (1982/1990) Tobacco necrosis necrovirus. In: Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, Zurcher EJ (eds) Plant viruses online: descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. Version: 16 Jan 1997. http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/. Accessed 21 May 2016

  • Thomsen A (1980) Tulip bulbs grown on rattle virus infected soil. Acta Hortic 109:475–478. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1980.109.71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Aartrijk J, van den Ende JE, Peters JMM (eds) (2000) Diseases and disorders of bulbs, part 1: Liliaceae, 3rd edn. Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries and the Laboratory of Flower Bulb Research, Lisse (In Dutch). http://edepot.wur.nl/301745

  • Van Bruggen AS, Duineveld TLJ (1993) Pythium root rot of forced tulips in various substrates. Acta Hortic, vol 382. pp 197–202

    Google Scholar 

  • van Dam MFN (2013) Controlling tulip stem nematodes in tulip bulbs by a hot water treatment. Acta Hortic 1002:327–331. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.1002.43

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Tuyl JM, van Creij MG (2007) Tulip. In: Flower breeding and genetics. Springer Inc, Dordrecht Netherlands, pp 623–641

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward LI, Tang J, Quinn BD, Martin EJ, Clover GRG (2008) First report of Tulip virus X in New Zealand. B.S.P.P. New Dis Rep 17:22–23. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=017022. Accessed 22 May 2016

  • Weststeijn EA (1990) Fluorescent pseudomonas isolate E11., as biocontrol agent for Pythium root rot in tulips. Eur J Plant Pathol 96(5):261–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Weststeijn G, De Rooy M (1974) Control of soil-borne fungi and nematodes parasitic to ornamental bulbous crops in The Netherlands with special reference to soil disinfestation. Agric Environ 1(3):237–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whetzel HH, Arthur JM (1924) The grey bulb rot of tulips. Phytopathology 14:40 (abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitlock VH (1984) Tulip breaking virus and tobacco rattle virus isolated from infected tulips in South Africa. Plant Dis 68:351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windrich WA (1985) Control of stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, in tulip bulbs with aldicarb and oxamyl. Crop Prot 4(4):458–463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto M (1971) Experiments on tulip bulb production in relation to cucumber mosaic virus. Acta Hortic 23:267–272. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1971.23.42. Accessed 19 May 2016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zoon FC, van Bruggen AS, de Heij A, Asjes CJ, van den Ende JE (2002) Effect of green manure crops and organic amendments on incidence of nematode-borne tobacco rattle virus. Acta Hortic 570:287–292. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.570.37

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NBD Research Co., Ltd., 91/2 Rathburana Rd., Amphur Muang, Lampang, 52000, Thailand

    Robert J. McGovern

  2. Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT, 06504-1106, USA

    Wade H. Elmer

Authors
  1. Robert J. McGovern
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wade H. Elmer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert J. McGovern .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Robert J. McGovern

  2. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Wade H. Elmer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Cite this entry

McGovern, R.J., Elmer, W.H. (2017). Diseases of Tulip. In: McGovern, R., Elmer, W. (eds) Handbook of Florists' Crops Diseases. Handbook of Plant Disease Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32374-9_49-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32374-9_49-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32374-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32374-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation