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Fungal Metabolites pp 191–217Cite as

Host and Guest: Vanilla Inhabited by Endophytes

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Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

Fungal endophytes are known to produce secondary metabolites. The synthesis of vanillin and its precursors have never been clearly elucidated. Given fungi can produce such metabolites, it is speculated that fungal endophytes in vanilla could be contributing to vanillin and its precursors. An investigation was thus carried to find whether fungal endophytes are present in Vanilla planifolia. Additionally, vanilla flavor varies across cultivation regions; hence, the distribution of endophytes across regions was also assessed and found to differ. The metabolic changes brought by the fungi on vanillin and its precursors in vanilla pods were also evaluated. Out of 434 isolated fungal endophytes, two candidates emerged: Pestalotiopsis microspora and Diaporthe phaseolorum. However, P. microspora increased the most the absolute amounts (quantified by 1H NMR in μmol/g DW green pods) of vanillin (37.0 × 10−3), vanillyl alcohol (100.0 × 10−3), vanillic acid (9.2 × 10−3), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (87.9 × 10−3) when cultured on green pod-based media. Given the physical proximity of fungi inside pods, endophytic biotransformation may contribute to the complexity of vanilla flavors.

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Abbreviations

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GC-O:

Gas chromatography-olfactometry

H NMR:

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HPLC-DAD:

High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector

ITS:

Internal transcribed spacer

MOTU:

Molecular operational taxonomic unit

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PDA:

Potato dextrose agar

p-HB acid:

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid

p-HBAld:

p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

rDNA:

Ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, 15 avenue René Cassin, CS 92003-97744, Cedex 9, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France

    Shahnoo Khoyratty & Hippolyte Kodja

  2. Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Young Hae Choi & Robert Verpoorte

  3. Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR OSEB 7205, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231, Cedex 05, Paris, France

    Joëlle Dupont

Authors
  1. Shahnoo Khoyratty
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  2. Young Hae Choi
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  3. Joëlle Dupont
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  4. Robert Verpoorte
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  5. Hippolyte Kodja
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shahnoo Khoyratty .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

  2. Botany Department, M.L.Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Khoyratty, S., Choi, Y.H., Dupont, J., Verpoorte, R., Kodja, H. (2017). Host and Guest: Vanilla Inhabited by Endophytes. In: Mérillon, JM., Ramawat, K. (eds) Fungal Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25001-4_36

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