Abstract
In view of the rapidly changing global context, this concluding chapter reviews the challenges facing science- and technology-based developments and cooperation in support of policies that can stimulate localized learning, innovation and endogenous development in Latin America. This broad question has motivated the entire work behind this book, which analyses case studies in selected Latin American regions. It appears that value-based networks have the potential to make both public policies and markets more effective, promoting learning trajectories for the inclusive development of regions. But they require strong public investments to keep attracting and preparing human resources, together with long-term support for technology-based industries and export capacity for emerging markets worldwide. The chapter argues for the unique potential of strategic, international, knowledge-based ventures, and the importance of the internationalization of universities and research institutions at the global level. Above all, they require the systematic observation of scientific and technical change from an international perspective, as well as a relational infrastructure for collective action, at an international level, in a context much influenced by a dynamic of change and a necessary balance between the creation and diffusion of knowledge towards the endogenous development of all parts involved. The role of Latin America universities and national science policies based on international cooperation are considered to be particularly crucial in this process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Aghion, P., Boulanger, J., & Cohen, E. (2011, June). Rethinking industrial policy. Bruegel Policy Brief.
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 290–305.
Altbach, P., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L. E. (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. Paris: UNESCO.
Amsden, A. H. (2001). The rise of “the rest”—challenges to the west from late-industrializing economies. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Apolinário, V., & Silva, M. L. (Eds.). (2011). Impacto dos grandes projectos federais sobre os estados do nordeste. Natal: EDUFRN.
Battelle. (2014). Global R&D funding forecast, Dec 2013. http://www.battelle.org/docs/tpp/2014_global_rd_funding_forecast.pdf
Berger, S. (2013). Production in the innovation economy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Bijker, W. E., Hughes, T. P., & Pinch, T. (1987). The social construction of technological systems. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Cassiolato, J. E., Matos, M. P., & Lastres, H. M. M. (Eds.). (2008). Arranjos produtivos locais—uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento. Experiências de política (Vol. 2). Rio de Janeiro: E-chapters.
Castro, C., & Castro, L. B. (2012). Do pensamento renegado ao desafio sinocêntrico—reflexões de antónio barros de castro sobre o Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Clark, B. R. (1998). Creating entrepreneurial university: Organizational pathways of transformation. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Conceição, P., & Heitor, M. V. (2002). Knowledge interaction towards inclusive learning: Promoting systems of innovation and competence building. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 69(7), 641–651.
Conceição, P., Heitor, M. V., Sirilli, G., & Wilson, R. (2004). The swing of the pendulum from public to market support for science and technology: Is the US leading the way? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 71(5), 553–578.
Conceição, P., Heitor, M. V., & Horta, H. (2006). R&D funding in US universities: From public to private support or public policies strengthening diversification? In J. Enders & B. Jongbloed (Eds.), Public-private dynamics in higher education: Expectations, developments and outcomes (p. 328). Piscataway: Distributed by Transaction Publishers.
Cooke, P., & Huggins, R. (1996). University–industry relations in Wales. Working chapter (Center for advanced studies in the social sciences). Wales: UWCC.
Dixit, A. K. (1998). The making of economic policy: A transition-cost politics perspective. Munich lectures in economics. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Easterly, W. (2013). The tyranny of experts: Economists, dictators and the forgotten rights of the poor. New York: Basic Books.
Ernst, D., & Kim, L. (2002). Global production networks, knowledge diffusion, and local capability formation. Research Policy, 31(8–9), 1417–1429.
Galbraith, J. (2012). Inequality and instability: A study of the world economy just before the great crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ghani, E., & Kharas, H. (2010, May). The service revolution. Economic Premise, The World Bank.
Gilliot, D. (2001). Incentives in academia. In M. Dewatripont, F. Thys-Clemenat, & L. Wilkin (Eds.), The strategic analysis of universities: Microeconomic and management perspectives (pp. 57–71). Brussels: Editions de L’ Université de Bruxelles.
Heitor, M. V. (2008). A system approach to tertiary education institutions: Towards knowledge networks and enhanced societal trust. Science and Public Policy, 35(8), 607–617.
Heitor, M. V. (2014). How far university global partnerships may facilitate a new era of international affairs and foster political and economic relations? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, accepted for publication.
Heitor, M. V., & Bravo, M. (2010). Portugal on the crosstalk of change, facing the shock of the new: People, knowledge and ideas fostering the social fabric to facilitate the concentration of knowledge integrated communities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77, 218–247.
Hepburn, D. (2011, July). Mapping the world’s changing industrial landscape (The world’s industrial transformation series, IE WIT BP 2011/01). Chatham House.
Hidalgo, C. A., & Hausmann, R. (2009). The building blocks of economic complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(26), 10570–10575.
Horta, H. (2009). Global and national prominent universities: Internationalization, competitiveness and the role of the state. Higher Education, 58(3), 387–405.
Horta, H. (2010). The role of the state in the internationalization of universities in catching-up countries: An analysis of the Portuguese higher education system. Higher Education Policy, 23, 63–81.
Kim, H. E., & Zhu, M. (2010). Universities as firms: The case of US overseas programs. In C. T. Clotfelter (Ed.), American universities in a global market (pp. 163–201). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Knight, J. (2011). Education hubs: A fad, a brand, an innovation? Journal of Studies in International Education, 15(3), 221–240.
Locke, R. M., & Wellhausen, R. L. (2014). Production in the innovation economy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Lundvall, B.-Å. (1992). National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Pinter Publishers.
Marginson, S. (2004). Competition and markets in higher education: A ‘glonacal’ analysis. Policy Futures in Education, 2(2), 175–244.
Marsh, H. W. (2007). Students’ evaluations of university teaching: A multidimensional perspective. In R. P. Perry & J. C. Smart (Eds.), The scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education: An evidence based perspective (pp. 319–384). New York: Springer.
Mazzucato, M. (2013). The entrepreneurial state—debunking public vs. Private sector myths. London: Anthem Press.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2012). Manufacturing the future: The next era of global growth and innovation.
Michalko, M. (2011). Creative thinkering—Putting your imagination to work. New York: New York Library.
NAE. (2003). The impact of academic research on industrial performance. Washington: NAE Press.
Navarro, J. C., Llisterri, J. J., & Zuniga, P. (2010). The importance of ideas: Innovation and productivity in Latin America. In C. Pages-Serra (Ed.), The age of productivity: Transforming economies from the bottom up. Washington: Development in the Americas/Inter-American Development Bank/Palgrave-McMillan.
Neave, G. (1995). The stirring of the prince and the silence of the lambs: The changing assumptions beneath higher education policy, reform and society. In D. D. Dill & B. Sporn (Eds.), Emerging patterns of social demand and university reform: Through a glass darkly (pp. 54–71). Oxford: Pergamon.
Nelson, R. R. (Ed.). (1993). National innovation systems: A comparative analysis. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nelson, R. R. (2004). The market economy, and the scientific commons. Research Policy, 33, 455–471.
Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2003). Mode 2’ revisited: The new production of knowledge. Minerva, 41, 179–194.
Ostry, S., & Nelson, R. (1995). Techno-nationalism and techno-globalism: Conflict and cooperation. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
Relman, A. S. (1990). Peer review in scientific journals: What good is it? Western Journal of Medicine, 153, 520–522.
Roberts, J. T., & Hite, A. B. (2007). The globalization and development reader: Perspectives on development and global change. Malden: Blackwell.
Rosenberg, N. (2002). Knowledge and innovation for economic development: Should universities be economic institutions? In P. Conceição, D. V. Gibson, M. V. Heitor, G. Sirilli, & F. M. Veloso (Eds.), Knowledge for inclusive development (pp. 34–47). Westport: Quorum.
Salles-Filho, S., Avila, F. D., Sepulveda, J., & Colugnati, F. A. B. (2010). Multidimensional assessment of technology and innovation programs: The impact evaluation of INCAGRO-Peru. Research Evaluation, 19, 1.
Saxenian, A. (1986). Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Schloegl, C., Gorraiz, J., Bart, C., & Bargmann, M. (2003). Evaluating two Australian university departments: Lessons learned. Scientometrics, 56(3), 287–299.
Tung, R. L. (2008). Brain circulation, Diaspora, and international competitiveness. European Management Journal, 26, 298–304.
UNESCO. (2010). Science report 2010. Paris: UNESCO.
Vest, C. M. (2007). The American research university—from world war II to worldwide web: Governments, the private sector and the emerging meta-university. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ziman, J. (1968). Public knowledge: The social dimension of science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ziman, J. (1978). Reliable knowledge: An exploration of the grounds for belief in science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ziman, J. (2000). Real science: What it is, and what it means. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heitor, M., Horta, H., Salmi, J. (2016). Looking Forward: Building Capacity in Latin America. In: Horta, H., Heitor, M., Salmi, J. (eds) Trends and Challenges in Science and Higher Education. Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20964-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20964-7_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20963-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20964-7
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)