Abstract
For a number of electron-excess molecules that involve atoms of first-row elements (in particular, nitrogen atoms), an older type of “increased-valence” structure is sometimes used to represent their electronic structures. Since the 1860s and until the introduction of the Lewis-Langmuir octet theory, nitrogen atoms were often represented with valencies of 3 or 5 in valence-bond structures.
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Harcourt, R.D. (2016). Classical Valence Bond Structures and Quinquevalent Nitrogen Atoms. In: Bonding in Electron-Rich Molecules. Lecture Notes in Chemistry, vol 90. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16676-6_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16676-6_16
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