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Oxidative Mechanisms in Liver Senescence and Regeneration

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Studies on Hepatic Disorders

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including both radical (e.g., O2 −, •OH) and non-radical (e.g., H2O2) compounds, are ubiquitously present in the biosphere and are continuously generated within our cells. As such, they are intimately entrenched with several metabolic pathways, particularly with those involving oxy-reductive processes.

Given their extreme chemical reactivity, expressed in their name, ROS have been historically associated with cell damage, resulting from the oxidation of both small and large cellular constituents.

It is only during the past 10–15 years that this view has received a profound re-orientation: it is now clear that ROS can indeed function as regulatory signals in basic cellular processes, including differentiation, tissue pattern formation, and cell cycle control. In fact, several lines of evidence indicate that ROS do not simply represent a dangerous by-product of oxygen-centered cell metabolism; rather, they are actively generated to help establishing and maintaining the redox balance of the cell.

Within this novel conceptual context, this chapter will address the role of ROS signaling in the regulation of the cell cycle and the induction of cell senescence, with specific reference to the liver and to hepatocytes.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, Cagliari, 09124, Italy

    Fabio Marongiu, Maria Paola Serra & Ezio Laconi M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Fabio Marongiu
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  2. Maria Paola Serra
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  3. Ezio Laconi M.D., Ph.D.
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  1. Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy

    Emanuele Albano

  2. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

    Maurizio Parola

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Marongiu, F., Serra, M.P., Laconi, E. (2015). Oxidative Mechanisms in Liver Senescence and Regeneration. In: Albano, E., Parola, M. (eds) Studies on Hepatic Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15539-5_3

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