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Oxidative Stress in Chronic Viral Hepatitis

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Studies on Hepatic Disorders

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Abstract

Chronic viral hepatitis (CVH), a state of persistent infection marked by inflammation, is a global health concern with more than half a billion people chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV). The mechanism by which CVH induces liver disease, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), involves oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been extensively observed in CVH, particularly in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Mechanisms of oxidative stress in CHC include hepatic iron overload, elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, upregulation of NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes in hepatocytes and host immune cells, and decreases in the host antioxidant defense. Oxidative stress has also been reported in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Progression to HCC is marked by accumulation of oxidative DNA damage and several redox-regulated processes including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Evidence suggests that hepatic fibrosis, mediated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and extrahepatic manifestations of CHC, which include type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may also be mediated by oxidative stress. Further studies, however, will be needed to determine whether strategies that target oxidative stress would be beneficial in the treatment of CVH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd, SE248, Merced, CA, 95343, USA

    Nicole L. B. Corder, Bhargav Koduru, Seung Bum Park, Yiyan Wang & Jinah Choi

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  1. Nicole L. B. Corder
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  2. Bhargav Koduru
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  5. Jinah Choi
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Correspondence to Jinah Choi .

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  1. Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy

    Emanuele Albano

  2. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

    Maurizio Parola

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Corder, N.L.B., Koduru, B., Park, S.B., Wang, Y., Choi, J. (2015). Oxidative Stress in Chronic Viral Hepatitis. In: Albano, E., Parola, M. (eds) Studies on Hepatic Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15539-5_11

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