Skip to main content

Acute Settings and Conditions: Intensive Care Unit, Heart Disease, Stroke, Seizures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 2296 Accesses

Abstract

Intensive Care Units, and acute medical conditions seen in such settings are associaed with acute stress and various psychiatric and psychological conditions. They include, delirium in the ICU, and the role of defense and coping mechanisms and personality. Psychiatric aspects of heart disease, stroke, and seizures are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abend, N. S., & Marsh, E. (2009). Convulsive and nonconvulsive status epilepticus in children. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 11(4), 262–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albert, N. M., Fonarow, G. C., Abraham, W. T., Gheorghiade, M., Greenberg, B. H., Nunez, E., et al. (2009). Depression and clinical outcomes in heart failure: An OPTIMIZE-HF analysis. The American Journal of Medicine, 122(4), 366–373.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aliasgharpour, M., Dehgahn Nayeri, N., Yadegary, M. A., & Haghani, H. (2012). Effects of an educational program on self-management in patients with epilepsy. Seizure, 22(1), 48–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, G. (1995). Treatment of uncontrolled crying after stroke. Drugs & Aging, 6(2), 105–111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arain, A. M., Hamadani, A. M., Islam, S., & Abou-Khalil, B. W. (2007). Predictors of early seizure remission after diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy & Behavior, 11(3), 409–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asadi-Pooya, A. A., & Emami, M. (2013). Demographic and clinical manifestations of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: The impact of co-existing epilepsy in patients or their family members. Epilepsy & Behavior, 27(1), 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayerbe, L., Ayis, S., Crichton, S., Wolfe, C. D., & Rudd, A. G. (2013a). The natural history of depression up to 15 years after stroke: The South London Stroke Register. Stroke, 44(4), 1105–1110.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ayerbe, L., Ayis, S., Wolfe, C. D., & Rudd, A. G. (2013b). Natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(1), 14–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barker-Collo, S. L. (2007). Depression and anxiety 3 months post stroke: Prevalence and correlates. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(4), 519–531.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, J., Schumacher, M., & Herrmann-Lingen, C. (2004). Depression as a risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(6), 802–813.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beis, J. M., Paysant, J., Bret, D., Le Chapelain, L., & Andre, J. M. (2007). Specular right-left disorientation, finger-agnosia, and asomatognosia in right hemisphere stroke. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 20(3), 163–169.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L. F., Blumenthal, J., Burg, M., Carney, R. M., Catellier, D., Cowan, M. J., et al. (2003). Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: The Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial. Journal of American Medical Association, 289(23), 3106–3116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, P., Ninot, G., Moullec, G., Guillaume, S., Courtet, P., & Quantin, X. (2013). Smoking cessation, depression, and exercise: Empirical evidence, clinical needs, and mechanisms. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(10), 1635–1650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betts, T. A. (1981). Depression, anxiety and epilepsy. In E. Reynolds & M. R. Trimble (Eds.), Epilepsy and psychiatry (pp. 60–71). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billing, E., Lindell, B., Sederholm, M., & Theorell, T. (1980). Denial, anxiety, and depression following myocardial infarction. Psychosomatics, 21(8), 639–641. 644–635.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchet, P., & Frommer, G. P. (1986). Mood change preceding epileptic seizures. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(8), 471–476.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blythe, D., & Hackett, L. P. (1999). Cardiovascular and neurological toxicity of venlafaxine. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 18(5), 309–313.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouzinova, E. V., Moller-Nielsen, N., Boedtkjer, D. B., Broegger, T., Wiborg, O., Aalkjaer, C., et al. (2012). Chronic mild stress-induced depression-like symptoms in rats and abnormalities in catecholamine uptake in small arteries. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(3), 278–287.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brabcova, D., Lovasova, V., Kohout, J., Zarubova, J., & Komarek, V. (2012). Improving the knowledge of epilepsy and reducing epilepsy-related stigma among children using educational video and educational drama—A comparison of the effectiveness of both interventions. Seizure, 22(3), 179–184.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carney, R. M., Blumenthal, J. A., Freedland, K. E., Stein, P. K., Howells, W. B., Berkman, L. F., et al. (2005). Low heart rate variability and the effect of depression on post-myocardial infarction mortality. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(13), 1486–1491.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carney, R. M., Blumenthal, J. A., Stein, P. K., Watkins, L., Catellier, D., Berkman, L. F., et al. (2001). Depression, heart rate variability, and acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 104(17), 2024–2028.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassem, N. H., & Hackett, T. P. (1971). Psychiatric consultation in a coronary care unit. Annals of Internal Medicine, 75(1), 9–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Catalano, G., Catalano, M. C., Epstein, M. A., & Tsambiras, P. E. (2001). QTc interval prolongation associated with citalopram overdose: A case report and literature review. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 24(3), 158–162.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, J. (1985). Behavioural psychotherapy for neurological illness. Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine, 13, 151–184.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Combes, A., Peytavin, G., & Theron, D. (2001). Conduction disturbances associated with venlafaxine. Annals of Internal Medicine, 134(2), 166–167.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, J. M., Runions, J., Ebbesen, L. S., Oldridge, N. B., & Streiner, D. L. (1996). Anxiety and depression after acute myocardial infarction. Heart & Lung, 25(2), 98–107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Renzi, E., Perani, D., Carlesimo, G. A., Silveri, M. C., & Fazio, F. (1994). Prosopagnosia can be associated with damage confined to the right hemisphere—An MRI and PET study and a review of the literature. Neuropsychologia, 32(8), 893–902.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delle Chiaie, R., Capra, E., Salviati, M., Trabucchi, G., Pancheri, C., Corrado, A., et al. (2013). Persistence of subsyndromal residual symptoms after remission of major depression in patients without cardiovascular disease may condition maintenance of elevated platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin plasma levels. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150(2), 664–667.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denollet, J., de Jonge, P., Kuyper, A., Schene, A. H., van Melle, J. P., Ormel, J., et al. (2009). Depression and type D personality represent different forms of distress in the Myocardial INfarction and Depression—Intervention Trial (MIND-IT). Psychological Medicine, 39(5), 749–756.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dilorio, C. K., Childers, K., & Austin, J. K. (1997). Stress management for people with epilepsy. Clinical Nursing Practice in Epilepsy, 4(2), 9–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler, L. A., Paraskos, J. A., & Piniarski, L. (2005). Relationship of quality of life and perceived control with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms 3 to 6 months after myocardial infarction. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 25(3), 166–172.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler, L. A., Pbert, L., & DeCosimo, D. (1994). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder following myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery. General Hospital Psychiatry, 16(3), 193–199.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dorwart, R. A. (1984). Psychotherapy and temporal lobe epilepsy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 38(2), 286–294.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duivis, H. E., de Jonge, P., Penninx, B. W., Na, B. Y., Cohen, B. E., & Whooley, M. A. (2013a). Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and subsequent inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease: Prospective findings from the heart and soul study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(9), 913–920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duivis, H. E., Kupper, N., Penninx, B. W., Na, B., de Jonge, P., & Whooley, M. A. (2013b). Depressive symptoms and white blood cell count in coronary heart disease patients: Prospective findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(4), 479–487.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisendrath, S. J. (1980). Icu syndromes: their detection, prevention and treatment. Critical Care Update 7(4), 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, H. D. (1994). The role of the right hemisphere in the Capgras delusion. Psychopathology, 27(3–5), 177–185.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Espinera, A. R., Ogle, M. E., Gu, X., & Wei, L. (2013). Citalopram enhances neurovascular regeneration and sensorimotor functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice. Neuroscience, 247, 1–11.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Etchels, M., Macaulay, F., Judson, A., & Ashraf, S. (2000). Communication aid for patients in ICU. Nursing Times, 96(4), 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eze-Nliam, C. M., Thombs, B. D., Lima, B. B., Smith, C. G., & Ziegelstein, R. C. (2010). The association of depression with adherence to antihypertensive medications: A systematic review. Journal of Hypertension, 28(9), 1785–1795.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feighner, J. P. (1995). Cardiovascular safety in depressed patients: Focus on venlafaxine. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56(12), 574–579.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fenwick, P. (1991a). Aggression and epilepsy. In O. Dvinsky & W. H. Theodore (Eds.), Epilepsy and Behavior (pp. 85–96). New York, NY: Wiley-Liss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenwick, P. (1991b). The influence of mind on seizure activity. In O. Dvinsky & W. H. Theodore (Eds.), Epilepsy and Behavior (pp. 405–419). New York, NY: Wiley-Liss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell, P. B., Jr., & McLeod, H. L. (2008). Carbamazepine, HLA-B*1502 and risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: US FDA recommendations. Pharmacogenomics, 9(10), 1543–1546.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foong, J., & Flugel, D. (2007). Psychiatric outcome of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and presurgical considerations. Epilepsy Research, 75(2–3), 84–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frasure-Smith, N., & Lesperance, F. (2008). Depression and anxiety as predictors of 2-year cardiac events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(1), 62–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frasure-Smith, N., Lesperance, F., Gravel, G., Masson, A., Juneau, M., Talajic, M., et al. (2000). Social support, depression, and mortality during the first year after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 101(16), 1919–1924.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frasure-Smith, N., Lesperance, F., Habra, M., Talajic, M., Khairy, P., Dorian, P., et al. (2009). Elevated depression symptoms predict long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Circulation, 120(2), 134–140. 133p following 140.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Froelicher, E. S., Miller, N. H., Buzaitis, A., Pfenninger, P., Misuraco, A., Jordan, S., et al. (2003). The Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Trial (ENRICHD): Strategies and techniques for enhancing retention of patients with acute myocardial infarction and depression or social isolation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 23(4), 269–280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, C. S. (2012). Depression in temporal lobe epilepsy: A review of prevalence, clinical features, and management considerations. Epilepsy Research and Treatment, 2012, 809843.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, A. H., Bigger, J. T., Jr., & Gaffney, M. (2009). Psychiatric characteristics associated with long-term mortality among 361 patients having an acute coronary syndrome and major depression: Seven-year follow-up of SADHART participants. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(9), 1022–1029.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, A. H., O’Connor, C. M., Califf, R. M., Swedberg, K., Schwartz, P., Bigger, J. T., Jr., et al. (2002). Sertraline treatment of major depression in patients with acute MI or unstable angina. Journal of American Medical Association, 288(6), 701–709.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gusev, E. I., & Bogolepova, A. N. (2009). Depressive disorders in stroke patients. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 39(7), 639–643.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, T. P., Cassem, N. H., & Wishnie, H. A. (1968). The coronary-care unit. An appraisal of its psychologic hazards. The New England Journal of Medicine 279(25), 1365–1370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hance, M., Carney, R. M., Freedland, K. E., & Skala, J. (1996). Depression in patients with coronary heart disease. A 12-month follow-up. General Hospital Psychiatry, 18(1), 61–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hesdorffer, D. C., Ishihara, L., Mynepalli, L., Webb, D. J., Weil, J., & Hauser, W. A. (2012). Epilepsy, suicidality, and psychiatric disorders: A bidirectional association. Annals of Neurology, 72(2), 184–191.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hitsman, B., Papandonatos, G. D., McChargue, D. E., DeMott, A., Herrera, M. J., Spring, B., et al. (2013). Past major depression and smoking cessation outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis update. Addiction, 108(2), 294–306.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, J. I., Wohlreich, M. M., Kajdasz, D. K., Mallinckrodt, C. H., Watkin, J. G., & Martynov, O. V. (2005). Safety and tolerability of duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Analysis of pooled data from eight placebo-controlled clinical trials. Human Psychopharmacology, 20(5), 327–341.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huffman, J. C., & Pollack, M. H. (2003). Predicting panic disorder among patients with chest pain: An analysis of the literature. Psychosomatics, 44(3), 222–236.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huffman, J. C., Pollack, M. H., & Stern, T. A. (2002). Panic disorder and chest pain: Mechanisms, morbidity, and management. Primary Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 4(2), 54–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffman, J. C., Smith, F. A., Blais, M. A., Taylor, A. M., Januzzi, J. L., & Fricchione, G. L. (2008). Pre-existing major depression predicts in-hospital cardiac complications after acute myocardial infarction. Psychosomatics, 49(4), 309–316.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ENRICHD Investigators. (2001). Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) study intervention: Rationale and design. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63(5), 747–755.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isbister, G. K., & Balit, C. R. (2003). Bupropion overdose: QTc prolongation and its clinical significance. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 37(7–8), 999–1002.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ishihara-Paul, L., Wainwright, N. W., Khaw, K. T., Luben, R. N., Welch, A. A., Day, N. E., et al. (2008). Prospective association between emotional health and clinical evidence of Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Neurology, 15(11), 1148–1154.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jewitt, D. E., Reid, D., Thomas, M., Mercer, C. J., Valori, C., & Shillingford, J. P. (1969). Free noradrenaline and adrenaline excretion in relation to the development of cardiac arrhythmias and heart-failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lancet, 1(7596), 635–641.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R., Rickards, H., & Cavanna, A. E. (2011). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy: A critical review of the evidence. Functional Neurology, 25(4), 191–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorge, R. E., Acion, L., Moser, D., Adams, H. P., Jr., & Robinson, R. G. (2010). Escitalopram and enhancement of cognitive recovery following stroke. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(2), 187–196.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, R. E., Yeo, R. A., Sibbitt, W. L., Jr., Ford, C. C., Hart, B. L., & Brooks, W. M. (2001). Gerstmann syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: Neuropsychological, neuroimaging and spectroscopic findings. Neurocase, 7(6), 515–521.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kangelaris, K. N., Vittinghoff, E., Otte, C., Na, B., Auerbach, A. D., & Whooley, M. A. (2010). Association between a serotonin transporter gene variant and hopelessness among men in the Heart and Soul Study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(10), 1030–1037.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanjanauthai, S., Kanluen, T., & Chareonthaitawee, P. (2008). Citalopram induced torsade de pointes, a rare life threatening side effect. International Journal of Cardiology, 131(1), e33–e34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, A. M., Stagno, S., Kotagal, P., & Morris, H. H. (1996). Postictal psychiatric events during prolonged video-electroencephalographic monitoring studies. Archives of Neurology, 53(3), 258–263.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawachi, I., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P. S., & Weiss, S. T. (1994). Symptoms of anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease. The Normative Aging Study. Circulation, 90(5), 2225–2229.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., et al. (2003). The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Journal of American Medical Association, 289(23), 3095–3105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khawaja, I. S., Westermeyer, J. J., Gajwani, P., & Feinstein, R. E. (2009). Depression and coronary artery disease: The association, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 6(1), 38–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lancman, M. (1999). Psychosis and peri-ictal confusional states. Neurology, 53(5 Suppl 2), S33–S38.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesperance, F., & Frasure-Smith, N. (2000). Depression in patients with cardiac disease: A practical review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48(4–5), 379–391.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesperance, F., Frasure-Smith, N., Koszycki, D., Laliberte, M. A., van Zyl, L. T., Baker, B., et al. (2007). Effects of citalopram and interpersonal psychotherapy on depression in patients with coronary artery disease: The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) trial. Journal of American Medical Association, 297(4), 367–379.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lesperance, F., Frasure-Smith, N., Talajic, M., & Bourassa, M. G. (2002). Five-year risk of cardiac mortality in relation to initial severity and one-year changes in depression symptoms after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 105(9), 1049–1053.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Letsas, K., Korantzopoulos, P., Pappas, L., Evangelou, D., Efremidis, M., & Kardaras, F. (2006). QT interval prolongation associated with venlafaxine administration. International Journal of Cardiology, 109(1), 116–117.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, J., S. Warrenburg, S., Kerns, R., Schwartz, G., Delaney, R., Fontana, A., et al. (1987). The role of denial in recovery from coronary heart disease. Psychosomatic Medicine 49(2), 109–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, N. B., Brinkmann, N., Cunningham, S., Dejaeger, E., De Weerdt, W., Jenni, W., et al. (2012). Anxiety and depression after stroke: A 5 year follow-up. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(2), 140–145.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Louis, A. A., Manousos, I. R., Coletta, A. P., Clark, A. L., & Cleland, J. G. (2002). Clinical trials update: The Heart Protection Study, IONA, CARISA, ENRICHD, ACUTE, ALIVE, MADIT II and REMATCH. Impact of nicorandil on angina. Combination assessment of ranolazine in stable angina. enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients. Assessment of cardioversion using transoesophageal echocardiography. azimilide post-infarct survival evaluation. Randomised evaluation of mechanical assistance for treatment of chronic heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure, 4(1), 111–116.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, L., & Krauss, G. L. (2000). Aggression and violence in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 1(3), 160–168.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, L., & Rao, V. (2002). Psychiatric complications in patients with epilepsy: A review. Epilepsy Research, 49(1), 11–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martens, E. J., de Jonge, P., Na, B., Cohen, B. E., Lett, H., & Whooley, M. A. (2010). Scared to death? Generalized anxiety disorder and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(7), 750–758.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, C., Assimes, T. L., Mines, D., Dell'aniello, S., & Suissa, S. (2010). Use of venlafaxine compared with other antidepressants and the risk of sudden cardiac death or near death: A nested case-control study. British Medical Journal, 340, c249.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCormack, M., Alfirevic, A., Bourgeois, S., Farrell, J. J., Kasperaviciute, D., Carrington, M., et al. (2011). HLA-A*3101 and carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(12), 1134–1143.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGrady, A., McGinnis, R., Badenhop, D., Bentle, M., & Rajput, M. (2009). Effects of depression and anxiety on adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 29(6), 358–364.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKegney, F. P. (1966). The intensive care syndrome. The definition, treatment and prevention of a new “disease of medical progress”. Connecticut Medicine 30(9): 633–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • McPherson, P. A., & McEneny, J. (2011). The biochemistry of ketogenesis and its role in weight management, neurological disease and oxidative stress. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, 68(1), 141–151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelson, S. D. (2000). The current status of the platelet 5-HT(2A) receptor in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57(1–3), 13–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milani, R. V., & Lavie, C. J. (2007). Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on depression and its associated mortality. The American Journal of Medicine, 120(9), 799–806.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, S. A. (1995). Safety of mirtazapine: A review. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10(Suppl 4), 37–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mula, M., Kanner, A. M., Schmitz, B., & Schachter, S. (2013). Antiepileptic drugs and suicidality: An expert consensus statement from the Task Force on Therapeutic Strategies of the ILAE Commission on Neuropsychobiology. Epilepsia, 54(1), 199–203.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noble, A. J., Morgan, M., Virdi, C., & Ridsdale, L. (2012). A nurse-led self-management intervention for people who attend emergency departments with epilepsy: The patients’ view. Journal of Neurology, 260(4), 1022–1030.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, C. M., Jiang, W., Kuchibhatla, M., Silva, S. G., Cuffe, M. S., Callwood, D. D., et al. (2010). Safety and efficacy of sertraline for depression in patients with heart failure: Results of the SADHART-CHF (Sertraline Against Depression and Heart Disease in Chronic Heart Failure) trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(9), 692–699.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Otte, C., McCaffery, J., Ali, S., & Whooley, M. A. (2007). Association of a serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) with depression, perceived stress, and norepinephrine in patients with coronary disease: The Heart and Soul Study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(9), 1379–1384.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Otte, C., Zhao, S., & Whooley, M. A. (2012). Statin use and risk of depression in patients with coronary heart disease: Longitudinal data from the Heart and Soul Study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73(5), 610–615.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palmerini, F., & Bogousslavsky, J. (2012). Right hemisphere syndromes. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience, 30, 61–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panjwani, U., Gupta, H. L., Singh, S. H., Selvamurthy, W., & Rai, U. C. (1995). Effect of Sahaja yoga practice on stress management in patients of epilepsy. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 39(2), 111–116.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parikh, R. M., Lipsey, J. R., Robinson, R. G., & Price, T. R. (1987). Two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: Dynamic changes in correlates of depression at one and two years. Stroke, 18(3), 579–584.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, S. L., Overo, K. F., & Tanghoj, P. (1999). Cardiac safety of citalopram: Prospective trials and retrospective analyses. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19(5), 407–415.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Razvi, S., Mulhern, S., & Duncan, R. (2011). Newly diagnosed psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Health care demand prior to and following diagnosis at a first seizure clinic. Epilepsy & Behavior, 23(1), 7–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuber, M., Mitchell, A. J., Howlett, S., & Elger, C. E. (2005). Measuring outcome in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: How relevant is seizure remission? Epilepsia, 46(11), 1788–1795.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosengren, A., Hawken, S., Ounpuu, S., Sliwa, K., Zubaid, M., Almahmeed, W. A., et al. (2004). Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11119 cases and 13648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study. Lancet, 364(9438), 953–962.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruo, B., Rumsfeld, J. S., Hlatky, M. A., Liu, H., Browner, W. S., & Whooley, M. A. (2003). Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life: The Heart and Soul Study. Journal of American Medical Association, 290(2), 215–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruo, B., Rumsfeld, J. S., Pipkin, S., & Whooley, M. A. (2004). Relation between depressive symptoms and treadmill exercise capacity in the Heart and Soul Study. The American Journal of Cardiology, 94(1), 96–99.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Gistau, V., Pintor, L., Sugranyes, G., Bailles, E., Carreno, M., Donaire, A., et al. (2010). Prevalence of interictal psychiatric disorders in patients with refractory temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy in Spain. A comparative study. Epilepsia, 51(7), 1309–1313.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schenker, Y., Stewart, A., Na, B., & Whooley, M. A. (2009). Depressive symptoms and perceived doctor-patient communication in the Heart and Soul study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(5), 550–556.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, J. M., & Marsh, L. (2000). The psychiatric perspectives of epilepsy. Psychosomatics, 41(1), 31–38.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serebruany, V. L., Glassman, A. H., Malinin, A. I., Nemeroff, C. B., Musselman, D. L., van Zyl, L. T., et al. (2003). Platelet/endothelial biomarkers in depressed patients treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline after acute coronary events: The Sertraline AntiDepressant Heart Attack Randomized Trial (SADHART) Platelet Substudy. Circulation, 108(8), 939–944.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serebruany, V. L., Suckow, R. F., Cooper, T. B., O’Connor, C. M., Malinin, A. I., Krishnan, K. R., et al. (2005). Relationship between release of platelet/endothelial biomarkers and plasma levels of sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline in acute coronary syndrome patients receiving SSRI treatment for depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(6), 1165–1170.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sesso, H. D., Kawachi, I., Vokonas, P. S., & Sparrow, D. (1998). Depression and the risk of coronary heart disease in the Normative Aging Study. The American Journal of Cardiology, 82(7), 851–856.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S., Sankhyan, N., Gulati, S., & Agarwala, A. (2013). Use of the modified Atkins diet for treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia, 54(3), 481–486.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shemesh, E., Rudnick, A., Kaluski, E., Milovanov, O., Salah, A., Alon, D., et al. (2001). A prospective study of posttraumatic stress symptoms and nonadherence in survivors of a myocardial infarction (MI). General Hospital Psychiatry, 23(4), 215–222.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheps, D. S., Freedland, K. E., Golden, R. N., & McMahon, R. P. (2003). ENRICHD and SADHART: Implications for future biobehavioral intervention efforts. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(1), 1–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Starkstein, S. E., & Robinson, R. G. (1997). Mechanism of disinhibition after brain lesions. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185(2), 108–114.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, P. K., Carney, R. M., Freedland, K. E., Skala, J. A., Jaffe, A. S., Kleiger, R. E., et al. (2000). Severe depression is associated with markedly reduced heart rate variability in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 48(4–5), 493–500.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoll, C., Schelling, G., Goetz, A. E., Kilger, E., Bayer, A., Kapfhammer, H. P., et al. (2000). Health-related quality of life and post-traumatic stress disorder in patients after cardiac surgery and intensive care treatment. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 120(3), 505–512.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W., Luben, R. N., Wareham, N. J., Bingham, S. A., & Khaw, K. T. (2008a). Depression and ischemic heart disease mortality: Evidence from the EPIC-Norfolk United Kingdom prospective cohort study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 515–523.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W., Luben, R. N., Wareham, N. J., Bingham, S. A., & Khaw, K. T. (2008b). Psychological distress, major depressive disorder, and risk of stroke. Neurology, 70(10), 788–794.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swainston Harrison, T., & Perry, C. M. (2004). Aripiprazole: A review of its use in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Drugs, 64(15), 1715–1736.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taube, S. L., & Calman, N. H. (1992). The psychotherapy of patients with complex partial seizures. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62(1), 35–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thase, M. E., Tran, P. V., Wiltse, C., Pangallo, B. A., Mallinckrodt, C., & Detke, M. J. (2005). Cardiovascular profile of duloxetine, a dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 25(2), 132–140.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thombs, B. D., de Jonge, P., Coyne, J. C., Whooley, M. A., Frasure-Smith, N., Mitchell, A. J., et al. (2008). Depression screening and patient outcomes in cardiovascular care: A systematic review. Journal of American Medical Association, 300(18), 2161–2171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, A. N., & Rigotti, N. A. (2009). A tragic triad: Coronary artery disease, nicotine addiction, and depression. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 24(5), 447–453.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiller, J. W. (1992). Post-stroke depression. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 106(Suppl), S130–S133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tonstad, S., Farsang, C., Klaene, G., Lewis, K., Manolis, A., Perruchoud, A. P., et al. (2003). Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: A multicentre, randomised study. European Heart Journal, 24(10), 946–955.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trescher, W. H., & Lescher, R. P. (2000). The epilepsies. In W. G. Bradley, R. B. Daroff, G. M. Fenichel, & G. D. Mardsen (Eds.), Neurology in clinical practice (pp. 1745–1780). Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimble, M. R. (1991). The psychoses of epilepsy. New York, NY: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trockel, M., Burg, M., Jaffe, A., Barbour, K., & Taylor, C. B. (2008). Smoking behavior postmyocardial infarction among ENRICHD trial participants: Cognitive behavior therapy intervention for depression and low perceived social support compared with care as usual. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(8), 875–882.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tulner, D. M., Smith, O. R., Schins, A., de Jonge, P., Quere, M., Delanghe, J. R., et al. (2011). Antidepressive effect of mirtazapine in post-myocardial infarction depression is associated with soluble TNF-R1 increase: Data from the MIND-IT. Neuropsychobiology, 63(3), 169–176.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Kooy, K., van Hout, H., Marwijk, H., Marten, H., Stehouwer, C., & Beekman, A. (2007). Depression and the risk for cardiovascular diseases: Systematic review and meta analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22(7), 613–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zyl, L. T., Lesperance, F., Frasure-Smith, N., Malinin, A. I., Atar, D., Laliberte, M. A., et al. (2009). Platelet and endothelial activity in comorbid major depression and coronary artery disease patients treated with citalopram: The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy Trial (CREATE) biomarker sub-study. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 27(1), 48–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • von Kanel, R., Carney, R. M., Zhao, S., & Whooley, M. A. (2011). Heart rate variability and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 100(3), 241–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberger, A. H., Mazure, C. M., Morlett, A., & McKee, S. A. (2013). Two decades of smoking cessation treatment research on smokers with depression: 1990-2010. Nicotine Tobacco Research, 15(6), 1014–1031.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whooley, M. A., de Jonge, P., Vittinghoff, E., Otte, C., Moos, R., Carney, R. M., et al. (2008). Depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease. Journal of American Medical Association, 300(20), 2379–2388.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wohlreich, M. M., Mallinckrodt, C. H., Prakash, A., Watkin, J. G., & Carter, W. P. (2007). Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder: Safety and tolerability associated with dose escalation. Depression and Anxiety, 24(1), 41–52.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wulsin, L. R., & Singal, B. M. (2003). Do depressive symptoms increase the risk for the onset of coronary disease? A systematic quantitative review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(2), 201–210.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zamboni, G., Huey, E. D., Krueger, F., Nichelli, P. F., & Grafman, J. (2008). Apathy and disinhibition in frontotemporal dementia: Insights into their neural correlates. Neurology, 71(10), 736–742.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L. S., Hu, X. Y., Yao, L. Y., Geng, Y., Wei, L. L., Zhang, J. H., et al. (2013). Prophylactic effects of duloxetine on post-stroke depression symptoms: An open single-blind trial. European Neurology, 69(6), 336–343.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zittel, S., Weiller, C., & Liepert, J. (2008). Citalopram improves dexterity in chronic stroke patients. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 22(3), 311–314.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hoyle Leigh MD, DLFAPA, FACP, FAPM .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Hoyle Leigh & Jon Streltzer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Leigh, H. (2015). Acute Settings and Conditions: Intensive Care Unit, Heart Disease, Stroke, Seizures. In: Leigh, H., Streltzer, J. (eds) Handbook of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11005-9_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11005-9_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11004-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11005-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics