Abstract
This contribution reveals that the supply of critical raw materials is not primarily a problem of future electric car manufacturing, rather a general strategic problem for the (high) technology sector in some industrialized countries. Although a temporary supply bottleneck for raw materials cannot be excluded when the mass production of electric cars starts within the next decade, in the long-term fundamental supply risks are unlikely.
In the medium-term, there is no alternative to Lithium as electrochemically active component in batteries for high performance electric cars; however, there are chemical alternatives in the long-term. The demand for Lithium calculated for the future beyond 2030 thus is highly uncertain. Higher prices for Lithium salts are expected, but raw materials represent only a small share of Lithium-ion battery production costs. Additionally, the size of an average Lithium-ion battery was overestimated in recent leading future scenarios.
The current slightly critical supply situation for rare earth elements is expected to change in the medium-term since new production sites will be opened and electric motors free of rare earth elements are already available or are currently being developed.
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Notes
- 1.
All dollar-data in this article are current dollars.
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Helmers, E. (2015). Possible Resource Restrictions for the Future Large-Scale Production of Electric Cars. In: Hartard, S., Liebert, W. (eds) Competition and Conflicts on Resource Use. Natural Resource Management and Policy, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1_9
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