Modern aeronauts

Abstract

The term “aeronaut” goes back to the time of the Montgolfier brothers. It was used to describe people who flew in balloons. Today the term is used very little, but definitely applies to the pilot or navigator of balloons or airships. For the purpose of this chapter, it especially applies to those truly courageous stratonauts of the 1950s and 1960s. This section will cover Projects Strato-Lab, Manhigh, Excelsior, Stargazer, Red Bull Stratos, and several hot air balloons. The U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force had slightly different interests, as did the different centers within their organizations. Some were concerned with cosmic rays, some with escape systems, and some with the design of sealed cabins and environments for future rocket planes and manned spacecraft. Fortunately, there was cooperation between the various organizations in relation to the problems of long duration stratospheric flight. There was also a very capable team of doctors, engineers, and young pilots that made the programs very successful. In addition, a few corporate teams of experienced balloon manufacturers provided hardware and launch support.