Abstract
The dangerous potential of the media has traditionally been counterbalanced in democratic and pluralistic societies by a series of measures that today have been greatly weakened. This weakening has triggered a series of ‘side effects,’ only partially desired or foreseen, which appear to be less amenable to control than in the past.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
For general studies on credibility, see also Jacobson (1969), Berlo et al. (1969), Shaw (1973), Singletary (1976), Gaziano and McGrath (1986), Meyer (1974, 1988), Schweigner (2000), and Wöllker and Powell (2018). With respect to online media, see Mings (1997), Deuze (1999), Flanagin and Metzger (2000), and Nozato (2002).
- 2.
References
Altschull, J. H. (1984). Agents of Power. New York: Longman.
Baker, C. E. (2002). Media, Markets and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to Ideologically Diverse News and Opinion on Facebook. Science, 348, 1130–1132.
Bartlett, J. (2018). The People vs Tech: How the Internet Is Killing Democracy (and How We Save It). London: Ebury Press.
Bentivegna, S. (2009). Disuguaglianze digitali. Le nuove forme di esclusione nella società dell’informazione. Roma and Bari: Laterza.
Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld, P., & McPhee, W. (1954). Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Berlo, D. K., Lemert, J. B., & Metz, R. J. (1969). Dimensions for Evaluating the Acceptability of Message Sources. Public Opinion Quarterly, 33(4), 563–576.
Birchner, T., & Donk, A. (2018). Collective Memory and Social Media: Fostering a New Historical Consciousness in the Digital Era? Memory Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698017750012.
Boccia Artieri, G. (2012). Stati di connessione. Pubblici, cittadini e consumatori nella (Social) Network Society. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Broadbent, S. (2011). L’intimité au travail. La vie privée et les communicationes personnelles dans l’entreprise. Limonges: FYP Éditions.
Bruns, A. (2017). Echo Chamber? What Echo Chamber? Reviewing the Evidence. 6th Biennial Future of Journalism Conference (FOJ17), September 14–15, Cardiff.
Castells, M., Fernández-Ardèvol, M., Linchuan Qiu, J., & Sey, A. (2007). Mobile Communication and Society: A Global Perspective. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2009). Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives. New York: Little, Brown & Co.
Cialdini, R. B. (1993). Influence. The Psychology of Persuasion. New York: Quill William Morrow & Company.
Costa, V., & Gili, G. (2014). Raccontare il mondo della vita: una sfida per il giornalismo. Problemi dell’informazione, 39(3), 301–335.
De Kerckhove, D. (1998). Connected Intelligence: The Arrival of the Web Society. London: Kegan Page Ltd.
Deuze, M. (1999). Journalism and the Web. Gazette, 61(5), 373–390.
Ellison, N. B., & boyd, d. (2013). Sociality Through Social Network Sites. In W. H. Dutton (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies (pp. 151–172). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Flanagin, A. J., & Metzger, M. J. (2000). Perceptions of Internet Information Credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(3), 515–540.
Floridi, L. (2018). Intervista: Le filter bubbles non sono né temporanee né fragili, ma non sono un destino. In G. Giacomini (Ed.), Potere digitale. Come Internet sta cambiando la sfera pubblica e la democrazia (pp. 248–257). Milano: Meltemi.
Freedom House. (2017). Freedom on the Net: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy. Retrieved from https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2017.
Freedom House. (2018). Freedom on the Net: The Rise of the Digital Authoritarianism. Retrieved from https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018.
Gaziano, C. (1983). The Knowledge Gap: An Analytical Review of Media Effects. Communication Research, 10(4), 447–486.
Gaziano, C., & McGrath, K. (1986). Measuring the Concept of Credibility. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 63(3), 451–462.
Gili, G. (2001). Il problema della manipolazione: peccato originale dei media? Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Gonzales, M. H., Aronson, E., & Costanzo, M. A. (1988). Increasing the Effectiveness of Energy Auditors: A Field Experiment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18(2), 1046–1066.
Habermas, J. (1987). Theory of Communicative Action. Volume Two. Boston: Beacon Press.
Hamilton, J. T. (2004). All the News That’s Fit to Sell: How the Market Transforms Information into News. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hanitzsch, T., Hanusch, F., Mellado, C., Anikina, M., Berganza, R., Cangoz, I., et al. (2010). Mapping Journalism Culture Across Nations. Journalism Studies, 12(3), 273–293.
Hoffman-Riem, W. (1987). National Identity and Cultural Values: Broadcasting Safeguards. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31(1), 57–72.
Jacobson, H. K. (1969). Mass Media Believability: A Study of Receiver Judgements. Journalism Quarterly, 46(1), 20–28.
James, J. (2003). Bridging the Global Digital Divide. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Lazarsfeld, P., Berelson, B., & Gaudet, H. (1948). The People’s Choice. New York: Columbia University Press.
Levy, P. (1999). Collective Intelligence. Mankind’s Emerging World in Cyberspace. New York: Basic Books.
Maddalena, G. (2017). Troppo lungo, Zuck, Il Foglio, 2017/2/21. Retrieved from http://www.ilfoglio.it/tecnologia/2017/02/21/news/zuckerberg-manifesto-cosa-non-torna-121559/.
McManus, J. H. (2009). The Commercialization of News. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), The Handbook of Journalism Studies (pp. 218–238). New York and London: Routledge.
McQuail, D. (1992). Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest. London: Sage.
Meyer, T. J. (1974). Media Credibility: The State of the Research. Public Telecommunications Review, 2(4), 48–52.
Meyer, P. (1988). Defining and Measuring Credibility of Newspapers: Developing an Index. Journalism Quarterly, 65(3), 567–588.
Mings, S. M. (1997). Uses and Gratifications of Online Newspapers: A Preliminary Study. Electronic Journal of Communication, 7(3). Retrieved from http://www.cios.org/getfile/Mings_VN397.
Nora, S., & Minc, A. (1978). L’informatisation de la société. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
Norris, P. (2001). Digital Divide? Civic Engagement, Information Poverty and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nozato, Y. (2002). Credibility of Online Newspapers. Communication & Development Studies, Center for International Studies, Ohio University.
Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. New York and London: Penguin Books.
Reese, S. D. (2019). The Threat to the Journalistic Institution. Journalism, 20(1), 202–205.
Russell, P. (2007). The Global Brain. The Awakening Earth in a New Century. Edinburgh: Floris Book.
Schweigner, W. (2000). Media Credibility: Experience or Image? European Journal of Communication, 15(1), 37–59.
Shaw, E. F. (1973). Media Credibility: Taking the Measure of a Measure. Journalism Quarterly, 50(2), 306–311.
Silverstone, R. (2007). Media and Morality: On the Rise of the Mediapolis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Singletary, M. W. (1976). Components of Credibility of a Favorable News Source. Journalism Quarterly, 53(2), 316–319.
Sunstein, C. R. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Sunstein, C. R. (2007). Republic.com 2.0. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Tichenor, P. J., Donohue, G. A., & Olien, C. N. (1970). Mass Media Flow and Differential Growth in Knowledge. Public Opinion Quarterly, 34(2), 159–170.
Turkle, S. (2015). Reclaiming Conversation. The Power of Talk in a Digital Era. New York: Penguin Press.
Van Dijk, J. (2005). The Deepening Divide. Inequality in the Information Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Veltri, G. A., & Di Caterino, G. (2017). Fuori dalla bolla. Politica e vita quotidiana nell’epoca della post-verità. Milano: Mimesis.
Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the Digital Divide. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Wöllker, A., & Powell, T. E. (2018). Algorithms in the Newsroom? News Reader’s Perceived Credibility and Selection of Automated Journalism. Journalism. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918757072.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maddalena, G., Gili, G. (2020). The Backlash and Side Effects. In: The History and Theory of Post-Truth Communication. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41460-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41460-3_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41459-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41460-3
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)