Abstract
The reduction of CO2 emissions is essential in the building sector as it contributes highly to carbon emissions. In 2014, approximately 22% of the total CO2 emissions in Iran came from residential buildings, commercial buildings and public services. Therefore, designing and constructing low-carbon energy-efficient buildings should benefit significantly in the reduction of CO2 emission by targeting a 12% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. This report investigates technical and economic aspects of using passive and active solar thermal methods for a low-carbon-emitting house in Tabriz city, Iran. The house is designed and developed using reduced embodied carbon materials, which improved the energy efficiency of the building with the use of materials such as natural wood for wall structure, window frames and doors and natural cellulose for insulation. A 3D model of the house is developed to demonstrate the real dimensions of the building. The passive cooling using natural air ventilation is considered and tested with the aid of CFD software to determine the final average temperature of the house, which is found to be 23.4 °C based on an outside temperature of 30 °C. The house is designed to have 15 photovoltaic panels and 3 evacuated tube collectors that generated a total of 69.1% annual fraction of the self-consumption electricity and a total of 57.7% annual fraction of energy provided by the solar thermal system. The active system saved CO2 emissions by 7553 kg in a year. The annual heating of the house is found to be 19.62 kWh/m2, whereas the total primary energy demand is calculated as 47.19 kWh/m2. The levelised cost of energy (LCOE) for the PV system calculated at 3.43 p/kWh is lower than the current rate of electricity. The LCOE of the thermal system is found to be 23.42 p/kWh and it is higher than the current rate of domestic natural gas subsidised by the state. The total profit of the entire active system is calculated to be £20,479.60 with a payback time of 11 years.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Financial Tribune. (2018). Iran targets 12% cut in greenhouse gas emissions. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://financialtribune.com/articles/environment/30213/iran-targets-12-cut-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions
Passive House institute. 2015. Passive house requirements. Retrieved July 30, 2018, from https://passiv.de/en/02_informations/02_passive-house-requirements/02_passive-house-requirements.htm
PFOLSEN. (2018). Small carbon footprint for timber multi-storey buildings. Retrieved July 22, 2018, from https://nz.pfolsen.com/market-info-news/wood-matters/2013/march/small-carbon-footprint-for-timber-multi-storey-buildings/
Greenspec. (2018). Insulation materials and their thermal properties. Retrieved July 25, 2018, from http://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/insulation-materials-thermal-properties/
Uyesugi, A. (2018). Passive solar design. Retrieved July 20, 2018, from https://andrewuyesugi.weebly.com/energy-efficient-housing%2D%2D-design-and-build-a-passive-solar-home.html
Green Solar Passive Magazine. (2018). Orientation/south facing windows. Retrieved July 21, from https://greenpassivesolar.com/passive-solar/building-characteristics/orientation-south-facing-windows/
Duffie, J., & Beckman, W. (2013). Solar engineering of thermal processes (4th ed., p. 190). Hoboken: Wiley.
Neghabi, M. (2018). Pool-house—the most effective elements of traditional passive cooling. An International Research Journal of Environmental Science. Retrieved August 13, 2018, from http://www.cwejournal.org/vol11no2/pool-houses-the-most-effective-elements-of-traditional-passive-cooling/
Energy Institute. (2018). Solar chimney for residential ventilation. Retrieved from August 10, 2018, from http://ottp.fme.vutbr.cz/laboratore/e-komin.php
Hansen, K. (2018). Solar chimney. Retrieved July 28, 2018, from https://1kimhansen.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/solskorsten/
Building Science Corporation. (2014). Double stud wall construction. Retrieved August 3, 2018, from https://buildingscience.com/documents/enclosures-that-work/high-r-value-wall-assemblies/high-r-value-double-stud-wall-construction
INOUTIC. (2018). U-value for windows. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from http://www.inoutic.de/en/tips-on-window-purchase/saving-energy/u-value-for-windows/
mpa. (2018). The Concrete Centre. Retrieved August 11, 2018, from https://www.concretecentre.com/This-Is-Concrete/Low-Carbon.aspx
Venkatarama Reddy, B.V. (2009). Low-carbon technologies. Retrieved August 1, 2018, from https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article/4/3/175/710965
SATBA. (2018). The guaranteed electricity purchase Feed-in-Tariff. Retrieved July 21, 2018, from http://www.satba.gov.ir/suna_content/media/image/2016/09/4815_orig.pdf
Bargh News. (2018) The solar energy project’s loans. Retrieved July 25, 2019, from http://barghnews.com/fa/news/29758/نحوه-تأمین-مالی-طرح%E2%80%8Cهای-خورشیدی
Nixon, J. (2017). ‘Solar power economics’ AE7203. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from https://app.box.com/embed/s/a9iaqbsj5ld6vmg99ao7409t2m6srnds?partner_id=&showItemFeedActions=true&showParentPath=true&sortColumn=name&sortDirection=ASC&viewSize=0&view=list
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mirzaii, H., Shabestari, S.H. (2020). Feasibility Study of a Low-Carbon House in Tabriz, Iran. In: Sayigh, A. (eds) Green Buildings and Renewable Energy. Innovative Renewable Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30841-4_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30841-4_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-30840-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-30841-4
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)