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Osteosarcopenia: Bone, Muscle and Fat Interactions pp 123–143Cite as

Osteosarcopenia as a Lipotoxic Disease

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Abstract

Osteosarcopenia, a combination of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is characterized by a synchronic loss of bone mineral density and muscle mass, which affects an important subset of frail individuals at higher risk of institutionalization, falls and fractures. This condition has been associated with fat accumulation in bone and muscles. This fat negatively impacts cell function and structure through secretion of free fatty acids and adipokines; a phenomenon called lipotoxicity. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the role of fat infiltration in the pathogenesis of osteosarcopenia including the pathways that are affected by adipocyte-secreted factors. This chapter will also explore the current and future therapeutic implications of targeting fat infiltration and lipotoxicity in osteosarcopenia.

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Abbreviations

ATG:

Autophagy proteins

BM:

Bone Marrow

BMC:

Bone mineral content

BMD:

Bone mineral density

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMSCs:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell

BNIP3:

BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

FFA:

Free Fatty Acids

HDL:

High-density lipoproteins

HFD:

High fat diet

HSD:

High sugar diet

JNK:

C-Jun N-terminal kinases

LC3:

Microtubule-associated protein light chain

LDLs:

Low-density lipoproteins

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

PA:

Palmitic acid

TCA:

Tricarboxylic Acid

ULK:

UNC-51-like Kinase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia

    Ahmed Al Saedi, Craig A. Goodman, Damian E. Myers, Alan Hayes & Gustavo Duque

  2. Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia

    Ahmed Al Saedi, Damian E. Myers & Gustavo Duque

  3. Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Craig A. Goodman

  4. Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Alan Hayes

  5. Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia

    Alan Hayes

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  1. Ahmed Al Saedi
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  2. Craig A. Goodman
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  3. Damian E. Myers
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  4. Alan Hayes
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  5. Gustavo Duque
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Correspondence to Gustavo Duque .

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  1. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia, Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia

    Gustavo Duque

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Al Saedi, A., Goodman, C.A., Myers, D.E., Hayes, A., Duque, G. (2019). Osteosarcopenia as a Lipotoxic Disease. In: Duque, G. (eds) Osteosarcopenia: Bone, Muscle and Fat Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25890-0_6

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