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Pathogenesis of Pediatric Rhinosinusitis

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Pediatric Rhinosinusitis

Abstract

Pediatric rhinosinusitis (RS) is a ubiquitous upper airway disease representing one of the most prevalent diseases in children and is characterized by inflammation and mucus hypersecretion with subsequent obstruction of the sinonasal outflow tracts. The pathogenesis of pediatric RS is difficult to understand due to the many different overlapping potential etiologies that initiate and/or sustain the inflammatory response characteristic of this disease. It is confounded by the impact of an immature pediatric immune system and contributions from RS-associated patient comorbidities. Adding further still to the complexity is the fact that RS presents with two different phenotypes defined by the presence or absence of nasal polyps (NP), which are outgrowths of hyperplastic sinus mucosa often extending into the nasal cavity. The pathogenesis of pediatric sinusitis including common comorbidities, anatomical abnormalities, and environmental factors associated with this disease will be reviewed in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Otolaryngology, Children’s National Medical Center, and the Department of Otolaryngology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Lyuba Gitman & Maria Peña

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  1. Lyuba Gitman
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  2. Maria Peña
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  1. Department of Otolaryngology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Hassan H. Ramadan

  2. Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and The Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA

    Fuad M. Baroody

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Gitman, L., Peña, M. (2020). Pathogenesis of Pediatric Rhinosinusitis. In: Ramadan, H., Baroody, F. (eds) Pediatric Rhinosinusitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22891-0_3

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