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Nutrition and Cachexia in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

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Abstract

Malnutrition is a common problem in gastrointestinal cancer patients and affects all aspects of oncology treatment, including treatment response, toxicity, performance status, quality of life, and overall survival. However, it is usually underappreciated or underestimated among healthcare professionals as a result of low awareness, although there is growing evidence showing that it can be prevented or reduced through nutritional interventions. Therefore, nutritional screening and support should be considered for all cancer patients. This chapter focuses specifically on the nutrition of gastrointestinal cancer patients. The following topics are reviewed: cancer cachexia (definition, prevalence, assessment, mechanism, and management); prevalence and adverse outcomes of malnutrition, nutritional screening/assessment to identify potential candidates for nutritional support; nutritional requirements, timing of nutrition, routes of delivering nutritional support (enteral versus parenteral), indications; and results of nutritional support (in perioperative period, during radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, in incurable patients).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Altındag, Ankara, Turkey

    Meltem Gülhan Halil & Mehmet Emin Kuyumcu

  2. Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey

    Ömer Dizdar

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Gazi University School of Medicine, Gazi University Hospital, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey

    Zekeriya Ulger

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Institute of Cancer, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey

    Suayib Yalcin

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  1. Meltem Gülhan Halil
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  2. Mehmet Emin Kuyumcu
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  3. Ömer Dizdar
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  4. Zekeriya Ulger
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  5. Suayib Yalcin
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Correspondence to Meltem Gülhan Halil .

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  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Institute of Cancer, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

    Suayib Yalcin

  2. Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA

    Philip A. Philip

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Halil, M.G., Kuyumcu, M.E., Dizdar, Ö., Ulger, Z., Yalcin, S. (2019). Nutrition and Cachexia in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients. In: Yalcin, S., Philip, P. (eds) Textbook of Gastrointestinal Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18890-0_22

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