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Toward Three R’s Agricultural Waste in MENA: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

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Waste Management in MENA Regions

Part of the book series: Springer Water ((SPWA))

Abstract

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries focus their efforts on developing the agricultural sector to face several challenges of unemployment, poverty, water scarcity, and political reactions. Agricultural practices include animal husbandry, food processing activities, and irrigation, harvesting, transfer, and storage of field crops. These actions result in the generation of million tonnes of organic and inorganic wastes per year including crop residues, livestock manure, and chemical and biological fertilizers. Agricultural wastes should be appropriately managed to avoid serious environmental concerns such as eutrophication of surface water, groundwater contamination, odor emissions, and deterioration of soil, water, and air. Hence, this chapter demonstrates the strategies of agricultural waste management in the MENA region regarding the available land, water, and energy resources. The threefold solutions of agricultural wastes are (a) reduction via improving irrigation efficiency, developing cultivation strategies, minimizing chemical fertilizers, applying control and process monitoring schemes, investing in agricultural sectors, and increasing environmental awareness and education, (b) reuse in irrigation, fertilization, bio-energy production, pyrolysis, direct combustion, animal feed, and pollutant adsorption, and (c) recycling through civil construction and composting approaches. These strategies are presented regarding case studies reported in the literature for stimulating agricultural waste management in the MENA region.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt

    Safenaz Shaaban & Mahmoud Nasr

Authors
  1. Safenaz Shaaban
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  2. Mahmoud Nasr
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahmoud Nasr .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Abdelazim M Negm

  2. Ludwigshafen, Germany

    Noama Shareef

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Shaaban, S., Nasr, M. (2020). Toward Three R’s Agricultural Waste in MENA: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. In: Negm, A., Shareef, N. (eds) Waste Management in MENA Regions. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18350-9_17

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