Abstract
Preliminary evidence from a larger study is presented demonstrating that non-image-forming retinal processing takes place even through closed eyelids. The Z-bellSM test, which has been in clinical use for more than twenty years shows that these processing channels affect how we perceive context in the space around us when forming visual imagery. By using therapeutic eyeglasses and pitched bells, we can measure changes in a subject’s spatial processing, and remediate deficiencies among non-image-forming neural channels that operate in even the low-light conditions produced by closed eyelids. Using what we know of both the top-down feedback filtering of retinal input triggered purely by aural signals and also the characteristic difficulties that brain-injured patients have in organizing visual scenes (which the Z-bellSM test links to difficulties with non-image-forming retinal processing), it is argued that the non-image-forming retinal channels demonstrated in this study may be critical in any human-centric model of computer vision. Spatial coding as a basis for human cognition is also briefly discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
NORA: Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Association. https://noravisionrehab.org/, https://noravisionrehab.org/healthcare-professionals/bibliography. Accessed 27 Nov 2018
Super, S.: Brain imaging and therapeutics congress: key points & extended bibliography. In: Elliott, C. (ed.) The 15th Annual World Congress of Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, Proceedings of the Workshop on Neuro-optometry, Neuromodulation and Cognition, pp. 59–73 (2018)
Bellmund, J., Gardenfors, P., Moser, E., Doeller, C.: Navigating cognition: spatial codes for human thinking. Science 362(6415) (2018)
Balkenius, C.: Gärdenfors, spaces in the brain: from neurons to meanings. Front. Psychol. 7, 1820 (2016)
Kafaligonul, H., Breitmeyer, B., Ogmen, H.: Feedforward and feedback processes in vision. Frontiers Psychol. 6, 279 (2015)
Markus, D.: Designs for strong minds’ cognitive rehabilitation for mild and moderate posttraumatic head injuries. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am. 18(1), 109–131 (2007)
Elliott, C.: The brain is primarily a visual-spatial processing device: altering visual-spatial cognitive processing via retinal stimulation can treat movement disorders. Funct. Neurol. Rehabil. Ergon. 7(3), 24–38 (2017)
Elliott, C.: The Ghost In My Brain: How a Concussion Stole My Life and How The New Science of Brain Plasticity Helped Me Get it Back. Viking Penguin, New York (2015)
Zelinksy, D.: Neuro-optometric diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation following traumatic brain injuries: a brief overview. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am. 18(1), 87–107 (2007)
Vetter, P., Smith, F.W., Muckli, L.: Decoding sound and imagery content in early visual cortex. Curr. Biol. 24(11), 1256–1262 (2014)
Pylyshyn, Z.: Is vision continuous with cognition? The case for cognitive impenetrability of visual perception. Behav. Brain Sci. 22(3), 341–423 (1999)
Tramatic Brain Injury and Concussion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/pubs/index.html. Accessed 27 Nov 2018
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix—Pre-study Questionnaire
Appendix—Pre-study Questionnaire
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Elliott, C., Putnam, C., Zelinsky, D., Spinner, D., Vipparti, S., Parelkar, A. (2020). Using the Z-bellSM Test to Remediate Spatial Deficiencies in Non-Image-Forming Retinal Processing. In: Arai, K., Kapoor, S. (eds) Advances in Computer Vision. CVC 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 943. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17795-9_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17795-9_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17794-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17795-9
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)